The Mining Of Marcellus Shale Industry - 1827 Words

The Marcellus Shale Industry in Pennsylvania Despite it’s long history of coal, oil, and gas development, Pennsylvania has seemingly been overcome by the rapidity and scale of production demonstrated with the recent boom of Marcellus Shale industry, which has companies, workers, environmentalists, etc. flocking to its northern tier. However, controversy seems to have followed as â€Å"the economic criticism of the drilling industry is that it booms and then busts, generating few local jobs and leaving little lasting economic benefit† (Schwartz). Thus making it critically important not only the economic impact, but also those of social, institutional and environmental now and in the years to come† (â€Å"Marcellus Shale†). Marcellus Shale is geologically defined as a sedimentary rock that is located at least a mile below the surface and developed approximately 380 million years ago, during Devonian times, in a region referred to as the Appalachian Basin, which explains its prominence in the northeastern region of the United States (â€Å"What†). But, more importantly, Marcellus is a specific example of natural gas that contains a substantial concentration of methane, â€Å"trapped in low-permeability shale, which requires the hydraulic fracturing or fracking† (â€Å"Marcellus Formation†). The natural gas occurs within the Marcellus Shale in several ways, including: â€Å"the pore spaces of the shale, the vertical fractures that break through the shale, and adsorbed on mineral grains and organicShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of a Secure Energy Supply for the Future826 Words   |  3 Pagesthe most concerned social and economical issues to our society. Both industrial and domestic lives rely on the energy provided by energy sources from one form or anther. Petroleum, coal and natural gas are the most produced and used energy sources. Mining technologies are required to obtain the raw materials of these energy sources from nature. The energy crisis is due to the limited amount of the natural storages of the energy resources. A higher production rate of the raw materials is desired soRead MoreEssay Hydraulic Fracturing Must be Reformed1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe multi-billion dollar gas industry is seeking to expand its production across the nation, in light of new technology making extracting natural gas much easier. A Healthy alternative to the fossil fuels we so frivolously use is now more critical than ever. In 2011, the United States used 18.83 million barrels of raw oil daily, and in 2010 19.18 million barrels of petroleum products and biofuels. In 2010 and 2011, that was nearly 22% of the world’s oil supply. (U.S Department of Energy) PreviouslyRead MoreFracking s Youth And Considering Its Only Significant Sites1004 Words   |  5 Pageslargely confined on the Marcellus region which runs across two-thirds of Pennsylvania and extends into other states (MSTEC 2011) or the Barnet region in Texas. Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania economy has been dominated by coal and steel in the past with more recent growth in services making up for the reductions in manufacturing (City Data 2010). Shale Effects From 2007-2012 Cruz, Smith and Stanley (2014) found there was an increase of 259.3% in employment in the oil and gas industry with this located moreRead MoreThe Issue Of Hydraulic Fracturing1444 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic Fracturing One of the hottest new issues that has arisen to the forefront of the battle between environmentalists and the energy industry, where the health of future generations is set against our energy needs and economic growth, is the issue of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking as it is colloquially called. America’s new-found energy independence has been made possible using technology that was only a pipe dream a mere decade ago, slashing the disparity between net imports versus exportsRead MoreTaking a Look at Hydrauling Fracturing829 Words   |  3 Pagesthat were once unreachable with other mining and extraction methods. The advancements in drilling technology have lead us to be able to obtain natural gasses from places we never could have before. When using the fracking method to drill into the earth’s surface, once the miners have reached the shell rock they then drill another whole horizontally into the shell rock. â€Å"Horizontal drilling allows for the injection of highly pressurized fracking fluids into the shale area. This creates new channels withinRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing2549 Words   |  11 Pages2013 Cause and Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic Fracturing is the process where millions of gallons of water that contain thousands of chemicals is pushed thousands of feet below the surface of the earth releasing gas, oil and sand from shale rocks (Hydraulic Fracturing Definition.) This chemical-filled water passes through water ways that are vital to life causing millions of animals, plants and humans to be harmed. Fracking is a global issue for citizens but a global success for big companiesRead MoreNatural Gas Is A Rapidly Growing Section Of The Economy2004 Words   |  9 PagesIndia, and Persia. The Chinese were ahead of their time and were able to make crude pipelines to transport the gas to heat salt water. However, the first country to use natural gas commercially was Britain around 1785, when it was captured while mining coal. This natural gas was used to light street lamps and lamps used in homes. After Britain started using natural gas commercially, the practice grew worldwide. The first well that was sp ecifically intended to extract natural gas in the UnitedRead MoreSantos Case Study1755 Words   |  8 Pagesdecide to do a specific investment through considering ethical targets and financial standards of an entity (Schwartz 2003, p. 195). According to the official website of Santos (2012), Santos was established in 1954 and it is a leader in the mining industry in Australia. The main products of Santos are gas and oil. These products are not only offered to Australian domestic market, but also provided to international marketplace, particularly in Asia market. Also, Santos is the Australia s largestRead MoreFracking, An Unregulated Chemical Cocktail Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION What is Fracking? Fracking is a mining approach in which a well in drilled thousands of feet deep into the Earth for the express purpose of gathering oil and gas from fuel reserves deep within its crust. Essentially, drill teams pierce through the planets sediment layers, water table and shale rock formations before placing a casing of cement as a sort of access valve to the raw fuel. This casing also acts as a channel for colossal amounts of water, sand and 50,000 gallons of frackingRead MoreHydraulic Fracking Essay15746 Words   |  63 Pagesin the shale below. This is done first by drilling vertically into the earth’s crust several thousand feet below the water line. The drill then heads horizontally continuing on until the drill hits the projected target several thousand feet below the earth’s surface. After the fracking target is reached, pipe is inserted into the drilled out hole. After the pipe reaches the drilled target, high pressure frac water mixed with â€Å"frac sandâ⠂¬  and other additive components are pumped into the shale. This

The Ballot Or The Bullet Essay - 1869 Words

â€Å"The Ballot or The Bullet† and â€Å"Letters from Birmingham Jail† are both refutes of social, economic, and civil injustice in America. The two letters are written by revolutionary activists of civil rights, Martin Luther King, and Malcom X, both written with in a year of one another. Malcom X, author of â€Å"The Ballot or The Bullet’ is known for being a support of the black nationalist, and dances on the line of encouraging violence in search for equality. Whereas, Martin Luther, author of Letters from Birmingham Jail† seeks justice through non-violent direct action. Although the tone and style of both letters are contrary to one another, the message is non-the less the same, a pathway to equality through social motivation sparked by a leader. Throughout the semester we have touched upon many instances for which the legal history of America effects the life of a black America, especially in â€Å"We Shall Overcome† Alexander Tsesis takes on the task of looking at civil rights through the â€Å"lens of legal history’. â€Å"The Ballot or The Bullet† displays the political message that the ‘ballot’ is freedom, and thus power through the freedom to vote. Malcom X hounds in on the political idea that the white man preys on the black man for votes, but then allows filibustering to happen in the Senate so nothing gets passed to promote equality for black Americans. Alexander writes frequently through the book how skewed politics become for blacks once their vote is legalized. That although, they canShow MoreRelatedThe Ballot Or The Bullet Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesMalcolm X’s â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† was one of the most significant and powerful speeches delivered during the Civil Rights era. X, an advocate for civil rights, was also an influential leader who sought to end the complete and utter degradation of Black Americans. Conflicting with the peaceful and nonviolent Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who was another important leader at his time, X believed in using any means necessary, including violence, to accomplish his goals. Because of his controversialRead MoreThe Ballot Or The Bullet Speech1354 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ballot or the Bullet speech addressed by Malcolm X, a well-known black nationalist, sought to persuade those of color that the only way to overcome the civil-rights struggle was to give it a new explanation, being the ballot or the bullet. Throughout the speech he expresses his deep dismay in the black community’s ongoing conflict of political oppression, economic exploitation, and social humiliation. Through ethos, logos, and pathos Malcolm made his audience re-evaluate their existing visionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Ballot Or The Bullet1238 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"It’ll be ballots or it’ll be bullets. It’ll be liberty, or it will be death.† Malcolm X delivered â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet,† one of the most inspiring and empowering speeches to ever be spoken on American soil, on April 3, 1964. Two thousand people, including his friends as well as his enemies, came to watch the black civil rights activist speak about black nationalism during the election year. He stressed individual uplift, moral reform, and entrepreneurship. He used this speech as a call toRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Ballot Or The Bullet706 Words   |  3 PagesRhetorical Analysis: â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† by Malcolm X The 1960s were a tumultuous time in American history, where many Americans were rejecting the status quo, and advocating for the advancement of their rights. The feminist movement, Native Americans, Mexican Americans, and African Americans were all making noise and calling for change. Malcolm X, who at that point was mostly known through his work with the Nation of Islam, had had a falling out with the NOI, and after a pilgrimage to MeccaRead MoreThe Dream and the Ballot or the Bullet1038 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Dream and the Ballot or the Bullet In the 1950s and 1960s in America, the equality of man envisioned by the Declaration of Independence was far from a reality. Martin Luther King Jr., a Baptist minister delivered his famous speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† August 28th, 1963 in Washington DC. He is credited with mobilizing supporters of desegregation and prompted the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Malcolm X delivered his famous speech â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† on April 12th, 1964 in Detroit. Though many peopleRead MoreThe Ballot Or The Bullet By Malcolm X1352 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement brought about reform and change that made people of all races and ethnicities equal in society; however, some 60 to 70 years later, there is struggle for true equality for all races and ethnicities in America. In Malcolm X’s speech â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet,† Malcolm X believes that civil rights are human rights, and all African Americans are â€Å"justified in seeking civil rights, if it means equality of opportunity†(Malcolm X 362). When using Malcolm X’s definition of civil/human rights, it isRead MoreMalcolm X And The Ballot Or The Bullet1557 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1960’s, in America, was a time of cultural and racial divide. This sentiment is no more evident than in Malcolm X’s â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† speech. In this speech, Malcolm X demanded that his audience should take action against their government leaders. He proposed that there were only two options to resolve this issue, the ballot or the bullet. Malcolm X delivered this iconic speech on April 3rd, 1964 at Cory Methodist Church in Cleveland, Ohio (Novak 35; Terrill 35). This meeting was sponsoredRead MoreThe Ballot Or The Bullet By Malcolm X1222 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1964 Malcolm X delivered a speech titled ‘The Ballot or the Bullet† aimed to reach the poor black people of America. Born May 19, 1925 one of nine children, to a Baptist preacher whose was hit by a street car, and whose death was said to have possibly been a murder by white people, Malcom X was raised by his mother until she was institutionalized. After being put in foster care, and having issues in school, Malcom dropped out of school and became a troubled teen. A drug dealer, street hustlerRead MoreEssay on Malcom Xs The Ballot of the Bullet1654 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1964, Malcolm X gave a speech entitled â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† which described how African Americans should fight for civil-rights in America. Malcolm X emphasizes the importance of voting as a solution to ending discrimination against African Americans. He addresses both the poor voting decisions and also the denial of legitimate voting rights to African Americans. Because elections had been so narrowly decided in recent elections, the Black vote is the deciding factor in elections. WhitesRead MoreThe Ballot Or The Bullet By Malcolm X1151 Words   |  5 PagesMuslim minister and a human rights activist, was executed by men from the Black Muslim Movement cult that he had recently left for good. An analysis of Malcolm X’s earlier debate with Bayard Rustin (1962) in comparison to his later speech â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† (1964) acknowledges his idol worship of Elijah Muhammad in the Black Muslim Movement and documents his transformation into an enlightened and open-minded Civil Rights Leader before his tragic assassination. The speeches allow us to follow

Essay on Life of Pi Essay Example For Students

Essay on Life of Pi Essay Yann Martel blurs the line between fiction and nonfiction in his novel Life of Pi. After reading the novel, I believe that the Pis story is nonfiction. Pis story about being stranded on a life boat with a tiger, a hyena, an orangutan, and a zebra with a broken leg seems to have more truth in it then the story about a cook, a sailor, and Pis mother stranded together. There are three main reasons that support my theory. First, the animal story provides you with a whole encyclopedia full of facts. Second, the animal story goes into a lot more detail then the other story. And third, I want to believe it. The animal story provides all different kinds of facts such as Of the five senses, tigers rely the most on their sight. Their eyesight is very keen, especially in detecting motion shows that Pi has a large knowledge about tigers (Martel 108). When people know more facts about something they have a tendency to believe it. It is easier to believe something that is based on facts, then to believe something that is based on nothing. Hyenas attack in packs whatever animal can be run down shows that Pi knows about hyenas (116). Now, Im sure that Pi Patel is not the only human being that has knowledge about tigers and hyenas, but it is extremely unusual for a boy to know so much about all different types of animals, which could then back up the fact that Yann Martel claims that Pis father owns a zoo. There is an unbelievable amount of details in this story. His carrot orange face had a broad bridge and a pink nose, and it was made up with brazen flair is used by Pi in order to describe the greatness of the tiger (151). Pi also adds that Wavy dabs of black circled the face in a pattern that was striking yet subtle, for it brought less attention to itself that it did to the one part of the face left untouched by it, the bridge, whose rufous luster shone nearly with a radiance gives a lot of detail that I cannot possibly see how a boy could come up with such grave detail without actually experiencing it first hand. Also when Pi explains about how the tiger became constipated and then relieved himself gives many details, almost too many (214). The more detail you give about something the more believable it is because you can then picture it in your mind, so when you have a whole book of details in which you can picture all of them, then the book seems to be very believable. When Pi tells about the zebra It had a two-foot-wide hole in its body, a fistula like a freshly erupted volcano, spewed half-eaten organs glistening in the light of giving off a dull, dry shine, yet, in its strictly essential parts, it continued to pump with life, if weakly it literally paints you an unpleasant picture about what this zebra is going through (128). He also gives detail when telling about how he killed his first fish while being stranded on the lifeboat as well as his emotional struggle with killing a living creature (183). On the day when I estimated it was Mothers birthday, I sang Happy Birthday to her out loud is a detail to the whole book which could have been very easily been left out, but it wasnt (209). It was put in the story in order to help you understand Pi and that through all of the ordeals that he has gone through he still longs for his family. The last reason that I believe that Pis animal story is true is because well, I want to. .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 , .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 .postImageUrl , .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 , .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7:hover , .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7:visited , .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7:active { border:0!important; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7:active , .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7 .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee7c233826e698041f4b37dd1728f8c7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus Essay You can believe in anything if you want to. The story, Life of Pi, has the same concept as landing on the moon. We honestly truly dont know if we really did land on the moon, unless we were one of the astronauts. Same with Pi, we honestly truly do not know if Pi really survived 227 days on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger, unless we are Pi Patel. However, you go and ask ten people today if we landed on the moon or not.. .and I guarantee at least nine out of those ten people well say Of course we landed on the moon! Why will they say that? Because they believe that we landed on the moon, .

Battle of Saylers Creek in the Civil War

Battle of Saylers Creek in the Civil War Battle of Saylers Creek: Conflict Date: The Battle of Saylers Creek (Sailors Creek) was fought April 6, 1865, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General Philip H. Sheridanapprox. 16,000 men Confederate Lieutenant General Richard EwellLieutenant General Richard Andersonapprox. 11,500 Battle of Saylers Creek - Background: In the wake of the Confederate defeat at Five Forks on April 1, 1865, General Robert E. Lee was driven out of Petersburg by Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant. Also forced to abandon Richmond, Lees army began retreating west with the ultimate goal of re-supplying and moving south into North Carolina to join with General Joseph Johnston. Marching through the night of April 2/3 in several columns, the Confederates intended to rendezvous at Amelia Court House where supplies and rations were expected. As Grant was forced to pause to occupy Petersburg and Richmond, Lee was able to put some space between the armies. Arriving at Amelia on April 4, Lee found trains loaded with munitions but none with food. Forced to pause, Lee sent out forage parties, asked the local populace for aid, and ordered food sent east from Danville along the railroad. Having secured Richmond and Petersburg, Grant tasked Major General Philip Sheridan with leading the pursuit of Lee. Moving west, Sheridans Cavalry Corps and attached infantry fought several rearguard actions with the Confederates and rode ahead in an effort to cut the railroad in front of Lee. Learning that Lee was concentrating at Amelia, he began moving his men towards the town. Having lost his lead on Grants men and believing his delay to be fatal, Lee departed Amelia on April 5 despite securing little food for his men. Retreating west along the railroad towards Jetersville, he soon found that Sheridans men had arrived there first. Stunned as this development precluded a direct march to North Carolina, Lee elected not to attack due to the late hour and instead conducted a night march to the north around the Union left with the goal of reaching Farmville where he believed supplies to be waiting. This movement was spotted around dawn and Union troops resumed their pursuit (Map). Battle of Saylers Creek - Setting the Stage: Pushing west, the Confederate column was led by Lieutenant General James Longstreets combined First and Third Corps, followed by Lieutenant General Richard Andersons small corps, and then Lieutenant General Richard Ewells Reserve Corps which possessed the armys wagon train. Major General John B. Gordons Second Corps acted as the rear guard. Harassed by Sheridans troopers, they were also closely followed by Major General Andrew Humphreys II Corps and Major General Horatio Wrights VI Corps. As the day progressed a gap opened between Longstreet and Anderson which was exploited by the Union cavalry. Correctly guessing that future attacks were likely, Ewell sent the wagon train along a more northern route west. It was followed by Gordon who was under pressure from Humphreys approaching troops. Crossing Little Saylers Creek, Ewell assumed a defensive position along a ridge west of the creek. Blocked by Sheridans cavalry, which was approaching from the south, Anderson was forced to deploy southwest of Ewell. In a dangerous position, the two Confederate commands were nearly back-to-back. Building up strength opposite Ewell, Sheridan and Wright opened fire with 20 guns around 5:15 PM. Battle of Saylers Creek - The Cavalry Strikes: Lacking guns of his own, Ewell was forced to endure this bombardment until Wrights troops started advancing around 6:00 PM. During this time, Major General Wesley Merritt began a series of probing attacks against Andersons position. After several small-scale advances were turned back, Sheridan and Merritt increased the pressure. Advancing with three cavalry divisions armed with Spencer carbines, Merritts men succeeded in engaging Andersons line in close combat and overwhelming his left flank. As Andersons left disintegrated, his line collapsed and his men fled the field. Battle of Saylers Creek - The Hillsman Farm: Unaware that his line of retreat was being cut by Merritt, Ewell prepared to engage Wrights advancing VI Corps. Moving forward from their position near the Hillsman Farm, the Union infantry struggled across rain-swollen Little Saylers Creek before reforming and attacking. In the course of the advance, the Union center outdistanced the units on its flanks and took the brunt of the Confederate fire. Wavering, it was driven back by a small Confederate force led by Major Robert Stiles. This pursuit was halted by the Union artillery (Map). Battle of Saylers Creek - Lockett Farm: Reforming, VI Corps again advanced and succeeded in overlapping the flanks of Ewells line. In bitter fighting, Wrights troops succeeded in collapsing Ewells line capturing around 3,400 men and routing the rest. Among the prisoners were six Confederate generals including Ewell. As Union troops were achieving victory near the Hillman Farm, Humphreys II Corps closed on Gordon and the Confederate wagon train a few miles north near the Lockett Farm. Assuming a position along the eastern rim of a small valley, Gordon sought cover the wagons as they crossed the Double Bridges over Saylers Creek at the valley floor. Unable to handle the heavy traffic, the bridges caused a bottleneck leading to the wagons stacking up in the valley. Arriving on the scene, Major General Andrew A.  Humphreys II Corps deployed and began attacking around dusk. Steadily driving Gordons men back, the Union infantry took the ridge and the fighting continued among the wagons. Under heavy pressure and with Union troops working around his left flank, Gordon retreated to the west side of the valley having lost around 1,700 captured and 200 wagons. As dark descended, the fighting petered out and Gordon began retreating west towards High Bridge (Map). Battle of Saylers Creek - Aftermath: While Union casualties for the Battle of Saylers Creek numbered around 1,150, the Confederate forces engaged lost around 7,700 killed, wounded, and captured. Effectively the death knell of the Army of Northern Virginia, Confederate losses at Saylers Creek represented approximately a quarter of Lees remaining strength. Riding out from Rices Depot, Lee saw the survivors of Ewells and Andersons corps streaming west and exclaimed, My God, has the army dissolved? Consolidating his men at Farmville early on April 7, Lee was able to partially re-provision his men before being forced out by early afternoon. Pushed west and eventually cornered at Appomattox Court House, Lee surrendered his army on April 9.

The War for Whom Essay Example

The War for Whom Essay Example The War for Whom Essay The War for Whom Essay The Second World War was the most destructive armed conflict on the planet since the dawn of mankind.   It is basically a continuation of the First World War where a disgruntled Germany attempted to fight back, re-invaded what it lost in the past, and attempted to occupy more land to control the entire European continent.   It lasted from 1939 to 1945 and was fought between Allies led by the United States and Axis powers led by Germany.   The Allies were not organized as one body in the beginning since they wanted to abstain from war, but as Germany occupied more countries, eventually France and Britain became involved.   And after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, eventually even the United States, as hesitant as it was to join a European conflict, joined Britain and France.   The Soviet Union under Stalin also tried to avoid a war with Germany and Stalin himself was doubtful at first when Hitler started to attack parts of the Soviet Union, but eventually the Soviets joined the Allies in a war against Germany, Japan and Italy, united by the ideology of Fascism or Far Right extremism.In 1941, Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States called the Allies the â€Å"United Nations,† which eventually developed later into the current United Nations (Wikipedia, Allies of World War II†).   There were many other less powerful countries that joined the Allies, including Canada which sustained Britain with much-needed supplies during its most desperate times.   And even humble nations such as the Philippines joined the Allies in fending off the Japanese who occupied much of South East Asia, East Asia and the Pacific Islands.   The Axis powers under Germany and Italy were able to control Western Europe, except Britain, and much of Eastern Europe, except the Northern and Eastern parts of the Soviet Union.   The Axis powers were also able to occupy North Africa.   However, in the end, the Allies defeated Germany and Italy in Europe; and after the United States bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki with nuclear weapons, the first ever to be used, Japan surrendered unconditionally, ending World War II in 1945.The CauseThe East Asian front and Pacific Theater of World War II began with Japan’s aggressive attacks against China, Mongolia and the Soviet Union.   However, in the European theater, Germany’s defeat after World War I led to much disgruntlement among the German people which prompted them to take vengeance through Adolf Hitler (Wikipedia, Axis Powers).Britain, Italy, France and the United States prepared the Treaty of Versailles, which dictated conditions that Germany had to accept after being defeated in World War I.   Under this treaty, which Germany thought to be harsh and unfair, they were explicitly blamed as the cause of the First World War.   They also had to pay 6.6 billion Sterling Pounds to other countries that were damaged during the First World War as reparations.   The German armed f orces were also dismantled, and it was limited to a harmless, puny army and six ships for their navy.   They were not allowed to have submarines, airplanes or military battle tanks.   German troops were also not allowed to occupy the â€Å"Rhineland,† the area along the Rhine River bordering the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium in the West.   The Treaty also took away German territory which was awarded to other countries.   Unification with Austria was also not allowed.However, the treaty was too much for the German people (History on the Net.com, World War Two Causes).   They suffered much during the 1920s and could not even afford basic necessities such as food, clothing and shelter, which were all very expensive to the average German.   Thus, they could not pay back the billions of pounds demanded of them.   It was here where an art-school reject named Adolf Hitler grabbed the opportunity to take power by not only promising to rid Germany of the Treaty of Versailles but also to restore German pride.   It was because of these promises that Germans hailed Hitler.Consequently, in 1933, Hitler moved up as Chancellor.   He then secretly developed the German armed forces by requiring service in the German military which increased the strength of the German army.   Hitler also ordered the manufacture of new military aircraft and warships.   He eventually remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936 and forged alliances with Italy under Benito Mussolini, through the Rome-Berlin Axis Pact, and Japan, through the Anti-Comitern Pact.   Then in 1938, Hitler violated again another condition of the Treaty of Versailles.   He invaded Austria and forced its unification with Germany.Meanwhile, France and Britain did not do anything since they were fearful of communist expansion from Russia and believed that a mighty Germany could prevent communism from spreading westward.   Hitler took advantage of their fear by demanding more.   This time he wanted Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland, and since Britain wanted to avert war, they gave in to Hitler’s demands and awarded it to him.   But to add insult to injury, Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939 after Britain thought that he would end his expansionist campaign.   Again Britain and France did nothing to aid Czechoslovakia.   Within the same year, Hitler invaded Poland, and this time Britain and France had to declare war.   World War II in Europe officially began.AftermathThe communist Soviet Union would eventually become uneasy allies of the capitalist governments of Britain, France and the United States, in order to defeat Hitler.   But after the Soviets occupied a defeated Germany, they refused to leave.   East Berlin and East Germany was occupied by the Soviets under communist rule while West Germany was occupied by the capitalist allies.   The Soviets also occupied several Eastern European nations, and this became the so-called †Å"Eastern bloc,† dividing Europe with an imaginary â€Å"Iron Curtain.†The unconditional surrender of Japan in 1945 also led the United States to occupy most of Japan.   The Soviets only took some islands from Japan, and the country became a capitalist nation under the tutelage of the American government (Wikipedia, World War II).However, communism spread in Korea.   Ã‚  In the 1950s, North Korea invaded South Korea.   The Americans sent troops to aid South Korea, but the North was protected by China and the Soviet Union.   Consequently, it resulted in a stalemate, and the country was divided into two after a ceasefire agreement.The United States and the Soviet Union also developed a â€Å"Cold War,† where no actual warfare took place; only intimidation, competition, propaganda and threats took place.   Allies of the United States were under NATO while Soviet allies were under the Warsaw pact.   Later, aggression between the two nations led to the Cub an Missile Crisis, where Soviet nuclear warheads were transported to Cuba for delivery to the United States.   The US was on the brink of a nuclear war, but eventually the Soviets backed off, the Iron Curtain collapsed, and the Cold War ended.Allies of World War II. Wikipedia.   4 Aug 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_IIAxis Powers. Wikipedia.   4 Aug 2010.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_powersWorld War II. Wikipedia, 4 Aug 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIWorld War Two Causes. History on the Net.com.   5 Feb. 2010.   Retrieved on 4 Aug 2010.   historyonthenet.com/WW2/causes.htm

Social Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Networking - Essay Example In 2010, there were more than 400 million people on the Facebook, a social network. Though social networking is possible between all kinds of people with common interests, the usual norm is to find that in social networks people tend to remain within their own language groups, and the social networks have become extremely popular with the younger generation including young adults. Merits and Demerits of Social Networking through Friend-Based Websites Social networking through friend-based websites has both merits and demerits. Social networking sites can be classified into sites that provide space to build a special niche for individuals with common interests and passions to share a single platform. Friendster and MySpace are two such friend-based websites. Other social networking websites like Twitter or LinkedIn have a more profession based orientation about them. Friend-based websites can be viewed as virtual meeting that allows individuals to chill out and meet friends. Discussio ns can be held on topics of common interest, information on various topics can be exchanged and files or pictures exchanged between the groups of friends connected through the social networking website. The social networking websites act as platforms to meet and remain in contact with long lost friends or schoolmates irrespective of the distance between them.

Language and Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Language and Literacy - Essay Example There seems to be no agreement as to when language was first used by humans. Some estimates date as far back as two million years ago, during the time of Homo habilis, while others date as recent as forty thousand (40,000) years ago, during the time of Cro-Magnon man. What is unarguably clear, however, is that language development is a continuous process affected by several social factors and that most contemporary human languages are a blend of several primitive ones. One main feature of human language is arbitrariness of symbols and sounds. A symbol or sound only needs to be attached to a particular concept or meaning, or even applied to the rules of grammar and becomes a part of the language. For instance, while the word 'nada' is conceptualised to mean nothing in the Spanish language, for Croatian speakers, it means 'hope' (Hudson, 2000). Through the course of this essay, I shall attempt a discourse of the various social factors that come into play in language, within the context of literacy development. In this regard, three students currently undertaking a basic skills "Brush Up Your English" course at Halton College will be used as case studies. After a brief analysis of what has been said and researched on the impact of social factors on language development, I will give a brief account of the backgrounds of the three students in this group, before examining how the duo of region/geography and gender (two main social factors) have affected language development and literacy in these students. Language and Social Factors Sociolinguistics are social sciences that consider the interactions between languages and society as a whole. It is an established body of knowledge that studies language on a social basis. Thus, it involves an interest in interaction, variability and diversity in language (Deumert, 2005). Or as described by Trask (1999), it is "the study of variation in language, or more precisely, the variation within speech communities." (Trask, 1999, p.283). This field of interest only dates back to the 1950s, this perhaps explain why most of the social influences on language development are still not fully comprehended. Within the Sociolinguistics school, there are two broad approaches to language variation; prescriptivism and descriptivism. Prescriptivists tend to be found among the ranks of language educators and journalists, and not in the actual academic discipline of linguistics. They hold clear notions of what is right and wrong and tend to advocate what they consider as 'correct' use of language according to set rules (Hudson, 2000). Describing this school of thought, Thorne (1997) states that "it is associated with formal written and spoken language and is used in dictionaries, grammar books and language handbooks." (p.92). To further buttress this point, Thorne (1997) cited the example of the original version of the National Curriculum for schools' emphasis on Standard English (SE) being taught as "the language of wide social communication and was generally required in formal contexts" (p.138). Descriptivists, on the other hand, do not accept the prescriptivists' notion of "incorrect usage." They prefer to describe such variance as 'non-standard'. Thus, they see Standard English as "only one variety among manylinguistically speaking it can not legitimately be