Project Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Management - Research Paper Example Some negative features of its structure as well as execution counteract the positive results that are being attained under the Act. The lack of a â€Å"trigger for greenhouse gas emissions† (Russell & Cohn, 2012) is a major gap in the dogmatic structure of issues of national importance. Addition of a greenhouse trigger within the Act is suggested to harmonize other greenhouse schemes of the Australian Government. Latest policy alterations in listing endangered ecological communities may ease a number of these setbacks; however, a process for â€Å"merits review of listing decisions† (Russell & Cohn, 2012) would improve the public responsibility and precision of the function of the Act. No individual should take any step that likely to have a major impact on the heritage standards of a confirmed property without the authorization of Environment Minister. Each heritage property, including South Western Historical Society Building, has its personal heritage standards. It i s the standards, and not merely the place itself, which are safeguarded. Any activity is likely to have a major effect if there is even the slightest likelihood or chance that it will cause one or more of the heritage standards to be lost, dishonoured, harmed or changed considerably. Activities outside the heritage property that have an effect on the heritage standards also require authorization (Hansen & Hoffman, 2010). It is a counselling body whose associates are hired by the Heritage Minister, together with delegates from the community, â€Å"Director General of the Department of Planning and Infrastructure†, a person with aptitude and expertise in historical heritage, and the â€Å"National Trust of Australia† (Lane et al, 2010). The functions of the EPBC are (1) giving suggestions and performing analysis, research and inquiries with respect to the items of environmental heritage; (2) maintaining a record, known as the State Heritage Inventory, recording places of State and local heritage importance. Thirdly, carrying out community learning about the nation’s environmental heritage, and (4) and giving views or reports on environmental heritage when needed. Any person or a company, who wants to renovate or refurbish a place, building or land listed as a historical heritage, should initially get authorization from the EPBC. Any activity that might harm some or all foliage on land or within limits of a heritage item needs authorization as well. These authorizations are not compulsory for State significant improvements that have been given development approval. Not each action that entails a matter â€Å"protected by the EPBC Act will have a significant impact† (Piddock, 2007), so it is essential that the person gives every available piece of information regarding the planned activity for renovation, in addition to the measures he will be taking to decrease undesirable effects on the building. The Australian Government has mutual c ontracts with every state as well as territory administration to authorize environment evaluation procedures that meet the already established values. If a person wants EPBC Act endorsement, besides state or territory administration authorization, it may be feasible to carry out a single evaluation, avoiding repetition. To make the most of this chance it is vital that the person takes an appointment with the minister at the beginning of drafting a

Patriot Act Essay Example for Free

Patriot Act Essay In her article, Cathy Zeljak maintains that the Patriot Act has infringed on Americans’ civil liberties, particularly the Fourth Amendment’s protections against illegal searches and surveillance. Using the recent history of legal decisions on law enforcement agencies’ information-gathering practices, the author argues that the Patriot Act strips citizens of the legal protections they received in the late 1970s. Throughout the piece, she asks, â€Å"Are we sacrificing essential liberties in the fight against terrorism? (Zeljak, 2004, p. 69), and her answer (the overriding thesis of this article) is â€Å"yes. † Zeljak argues that the Patriot Act undermines both the Fourth Amendment and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance (FISA) Act, which was passed in 1978 to impose guidelines on government surveillance of private citizens. Before then, government surveillance of citizens lacked clear guidelines, and government agencies behaved arbitrarily as a result. Supposed â€Å"threats,† like antiwar activists and civil-rights leaders like Martin Luther King, were frequently monitored and harassed. The FISA Act aimed to curb these abuses and placed more legal guidelines on federal surveillance, requiring that foreign intelligence had to be a primary cause for issuing a warrant to conduct surveillance on an individual. However, the Patriot Act has removed many of the FISA Act’s protections, now allowing warrants to be issued with foreign intelligence purposes as only a tangential reason, not a primary cause. In addition, law enforcement officials may now seize a wider array of records, using the broad definition â€Å"any tangible thing† (Zeljak, 2004, p. 70) instead of the narrow lists specified by the FISA Act. The Patriot Act also allows government agencies to spy on innocent third parties as a means of obtaining information about primary suspects, further weakening the Fourth Amendment’s protections, and it allows agencies to share information more freely, without letting accused individuals known what evidence exists against them. In March 2002, FISC rejected John Ashcroft’s proposals to allow law enforcement officials broader access to (and use of) information gathered under the Patriot Act. In effect, says Zeljak, this â€Å"transferred fundamental rights away from individual citizens, greatly increasing the authority of intelligence and investigative agencies† (Zeljak, 2004, p. 70). FISA warrants can thus be used for criminal investigations without clear probable cause. Zeljak also claims that, despite two court defeats on this issue, the Bush administration hopes to further expand its surveillance and prosecutory powers with Patriot Act II, which would automatically grant federal agents who conduct illegal searches complete immunity and allow the government to deport American citizens found guilty of helping terrorist organizations. Basically, she maintains, such an expansion of the Patriot Act would allow the government near-total freedom to conduct investigations with few legal guidelines, and would considerably curtail citizens’ protections and civil liberties. Zeljak concludes the article by stating that â€Å"Americans must wonder whether we are sacrificing essential liberties in the fight against terrorism,† and ends with a provocative question: â€Å". . . have the terrorists already won the opening round? † (Zeljak, 2004, p. 0) Zeljak takes a clear stance against the Patriot Act, considering it a flagrant violation of American citizens’ constitutionally-guaranteed rights against illegal surveillance. She asserts that the FISA Act has essentially been gutted and that plans to widen the Patriot Act would further deprive citizens of legal protection, making their rights meaningless in the name of intelligence gathering. Her concluding question implies that, with the Patriot Act, democracy has been undermined.

Wal-Mart - Great for Shoppers, Bad for Competitors Essay -- GCSE Busin

Wal-Mart - Great for Shoppers, Bad for Competitors Wal-Mart can be a virus and a cure, since it has its pros and cons depending on the critiques perspective. From my point of view, Wal-Mart is an extremely efficient superstore, with amazing marketing skills, and coordination. However, Wal-Mart is also a bully and price decider, therefore, Wal-Mart is great for shoppers and bad for competitors. As a student; Wal-Mart is my primary resort for supplies and foodstuff, due to their matchless prices and wide variety of products which gives me the luxury of a ‘one stop shop’. Moreover, the transportation to and from Wal-Mart is unproblematic. On my first visit to Wal-Mart I was impressed by the way everything has been set and placed to attract customers, the shelves looked full and tidy, the product clean and attractive, and the prices ‘unbeatable’. In addition, with every visit I seem to enjoy the experience even more, conversely it had been rare that I faced an awful experience, due to my high satisfaction with the service, products and store wholly. In The past couple of weeks of ESL 015 we have been assigned to analyze anti-Wal-Mart articles, where all the writers were bias and had fixed opinions of hatred towards Wal-Mart. This influenced my opinion significantly and gradually I am realizing what a major issue it is, and how it has affected the American economy as a whole. On a smaller scale, small town America is being affected by the ‘money exporting’ from smalle...

Novel effect Essay

I think Mary Shelley used language to develop lots of atmosphere in chapter five, I think this is because this huge build up of atmosphere makes you read faster and faster, and makes you want to read more. She uses many long, complex sentences, such as â€Å"Delighted and surprised, I embraced her; but as I imprinted the first kiss on her lips, they became livid with the hue of death; her features appeared to change, and I thought that I held the corpse of my dead mother in my arms; a shroud enveloped her form, and I saw the grave-worms crawling in the folds of the flannel,† this creates tension, giving the novel more effect. As she has used so many long complex sentences, many comma’s and semi-colon’s are used, this makes the reader pause a lot whilst reading, giving the effect of many short sentences, embedded into long, complex ones. As well as these sentences, she also uses many short sentences, and all of these changes lead you to read faster, which creates more tension. An example of one of the short sentences used is â€Å"Beautiful!† Another way Mary Shelley may have wanted to create atmosphere is by using many powerful adjectives such as â€Å"dreary,† and â€Å"miserable.† Words like these also give the effect of imagery, as well as creating huge amounts of atmosphere. Many other phrases in the book also help build atmosphere, many of which are things Frankenstein says, often about his monster. Examples of this are â€Å"miserable monster,† and â€Å"wretch.† I think Mary Shelly also created atmosphere another way, without the reader even realising she is trying to. In the novel, many archaic words and phrases are used, like â€Å"lassitude,† and â€Å"I beheld the accomplishment of my toils.† These words and phrases suit the gothic horror style the novel is written in, and help build up atmosphere. They also give the impression something spooky is going on, as they don’t sound like words we would use today. Also, naturally, people are scared of things that are unfamiliar, and Mary Shelley may have used these archaic words to give the book more of a spooky effect. I feel that chapter five links to the key themes in the novel, and I think the main one is the fact that Mary Shelley may have been hinting in her novel, that you can’t play god, and in chapter five, that is what Frankenstein is obsessed with doing. His friend, Henry, also notices this, and states â€Å"I did not before remark how very ill you appear; so thin and pale; you look as if you had been watching for several nights.† This implies that Frankenstein is an extremely obsessive character, and that he will not rest, until he has fulfilled his goal, creating life (playing god). The rest of the novel is about how Frankenstein’s desperation for power, comes back to haunt him. I also feel that chapter five links in with the key theme in the novel in another way. Whilst taking about her novel, Mary Shelley said â€Å"Frightful must it be; for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavour to mock the stupendous mechanism of the Creator of the world. I feel that the meaning of this phrase, is that she is saying only god should have the power over life and death, and anyone who tries to defy him (by creating life), should be scared, as he will not accept it, and punish the person who defied his right. I think that in her story, she was subliminally hinting this, as she constantly refers to god. When Frankenstein is running away from the monster, the night it is created, he sees the steeple, â€Å"its white steeple,† and many other hints are also made. She could be hinting that straight after the monster is created, god has planned what will happen next. Furthermore, this shows that in the 19th century people were extremely religious, and took care about what they did, as they did not want god to punish them for their actions. Also, the phrase â€Å"infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet,† is stating that he is going to use electricity of some kind, to bring the â€Å"thing,† to life. This relates to galvanism, which is the process of running charges of electricity through dead animals and trying to bring them back to life, in actual fact, the charges were just making the muscles of the dead animal spasm. So the phrase shows that in the 19th century, many people were trying to bring dead things back to life. Mary Shelley got the idea of using lightning to bring the monster back to life from Luigi Galvani’s idea of galvanism, we know this because as well as overhearing her husband and Lord Byron talking about it, she was also very up to date with scientific experiments at the time. Furthermore, chapter five also gives us a better understanding of 19th century prose. The words and phrases in chapter five, are typical of 19th century language, for example, the phrase â€Å"infinite pain’s and care I had endeavoured to form,† is a phrase we would not use nowadays. Phrases such as this tell us that in the 19th century, writers would write in a much more formal style. I think that this is because in the 19th century, anyone who could read and write would be from an extremely wealthy family, and books were written to suit their style of language, not for the middle class. Another example of a 19th century word is countenance (another word for face), at present time, people are always looking to find abbreviations, so they can communicate faster, however, words like countenance are much longer, and more suited to the formal 19th century style of literature. From chapter five, we can also learn that in the 19th century, writers would use lots of powerful adjectives, and 19th century works would be very descriptive, with lots of imagery. Examples of powerful descriptive phrases, and adjectives are â€Å"grave-worms crawling,† and â€Å"demonical.† These words add lots of atmosphere to the story, and there is a strong use of imagery. The final thing I have learned about 19th century prose from chapter five is the use of colons and semi colons. Mary Shelley uses many semi colons and commas in the novel, and her use of commas and semi colons allows her to build atmosphere using long and complex sentences, and then often rapidly switch to a short one, for example â€Å"I took refuge in the courtyard belonging to the house which I inhabited; where I remained during the rest of the night, walking up and down in the greatest agitation, listening attentively, catching and fearing each sound as if it were to announce the approach of the demoniacal corpse to which I had so miserably given life,† then, the first sentence in the next paragraph is just the word â€Å"Oh!† This shows that in the 19th century, very often, some people would use commas and semi colons often, instead of full stops.

Fetal Heart Rate and Defects Essay

Electronic fetal heart monitoring is commonly used for tracking how well the baby is doing within the contracting uterus and for detecting signs of fetal distress. External fetal heart monitoring is performed by attaching external transducers to the mother’s abdomen with elastic straps. The transducers use Doppler ultrasound to detect fetal heart motion, and the information is sent to the fetal heart monitor which calculates and records the fetal heart rate on a continuous strip of paper. More modern fetal heart monitors have incorporated microprocessors and mathematical procedures to improve the fetal heart rate signal and the accuracy of the recording. An echocardiography can be used before birth to accurately identify many heart defects. The mother can be treated with medications that may restore normal heart rhythm in the fetus if the test shows that a fetus’s heart is beating too fast or too slow (Emitting & Waves, R.C., n.d.). The fetal heart starts as a tube which folds and fuses in a complex structure that results in a muscular pump with four chambers and four valves. It is not surprising that small errors in development can lead to a wide variety of structural abnormalities in the 4 chambers, the 4 heart valves, the veins and great arteries. During fetal monitoring, a nurse will evaluate the strip for continuity and adequacy for interpretation, identify the baseline fetal heart rate and presence of variability, determine whether there are accelerations or decelerations from the baseline, identify patterns of uterine contraction, and correlate accelerations and decelerations with the uterine contractions. This will allow the nurse to determine whether the fetal heart rate recording is reassuring, non-reassuring, or ominous (Children’s Heart Federation, n.d). Fetal Heart Rate and Defects The normal fetal heart rate is between 110 to 180 beats per minutes (BPM), but can vary. Fluctuations of the fetal heart rate (usually associated with fetal movement) during different periods of the day are common and often rise above 160, going as high as 180 to 190 and are considered normal. Listening to a normally beating heart using a fetal ultrasound Doppler as early as 8 weeks can offer reassurance and cut down on a lot of stress and help assure that the developing fetus is healthy. While miscarriage occurs in only about 15 percent of apparently normal pregnancies, it only occurs in about 1 percent of pregnancies where a normal heartbeat has been seen or heard (Medscape, n.d). Recent studies conclude that changes in pregnant women’s heart rate and blood pressure due to chronic stress and anxiety can have an effect on the fetal heart rate. The study did not report any negative effects on fetal health but confirmed that emotional based changes in a woman’s cardiovas cular activity can have â€Å"real-time effects† on a fetus. A previous study has shown that stress during pregnancy can cause an increase in the risk of low-birth weight and premature birth. More importantly, increased evidence suggests that pregnancy stress can actually affect the baby’s behavior and functioning later in life (NT: Detection Rate CHD, n.d.). The ability for expectant mothers to listen to the fetal heart rate with a fetal Doppler offers a safe method of early fetal bonding which was previously only available at prenatal appointments with a medical professional. With its approval for in home by the FDA expecting parents have increasingly been opting to rent or purchase fetal Dopplers to help relieve some of the stress associated with the unknowns of early and late pregnancy. Fetal Doppler rentals are currently available through many online retailers at very affordable rates. Fetal heart rate monitoring is the process of checking the condition of a baby during labor and delivery by monitoring his or her heart rate with special equipment. Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) was first introduced at Yale University in 1958. Since then, continuous EFM has been widely used in the detection of fetal compromise and the assessment of the influence of the intrauterine environment on fetal welfare (Evans and Niswander, 2000). There are two methods of fetal heart monitoring in labor. External fetal monitoring is done through the skin and is not meant to be invasive. Sensitive electrodes (connected to monitors) are placed on your abdomen over conducting jelly. The electrodes can sense the fetal heart rate (FHR) and the presence and duration of uterine contractions. Usually, the results of this test are continuous and are printed out, or they appear on a computer screen. Internal fetal monitoring involves placing a electrode directly on the fetal scalp through the cervix. The health care provider may use this method of monitoring your baby if external monitoring is not working well, or the information is inconclusive. Both types of tests are performed to evaluate fetal heart rate and variability between beats, especially in relation to uterine contractions. The tests also indicate the frequency and strength of uterine contractions (Belmont, 1998). Fortunately, fetal heart monitoring tests can detect numerous abnormal situations or conditions during pregnancy, such as reduced blood flow to the developing baby (cord compression), block of electrical signals within the heart muscle, causing an altered heart beat (fetal heart block), incorrect positioning of the baby (fetal malposition), too little oxygen supply to the developing baby, suggest the presence of infection, too little oxygen exchange between the uterus and the placenta, fetal distress, placenta abruption, and severe anemia in the developing baby. Most common heart defects, such as holes between the chambers (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect) and even more complex conditions such as transposition of the great arteries and tetralogy of Fallot, can be successfully managed after birth (Belmont, 1998). Many of the aforementioned situations detected during a fetal heart monitoring could mean that the baby has a congenital heart defect. There are many types of congenital heart defects which is why it is so important that the fetal heart monitoring be done before and during labor. A fetal heart defect means that the baby will be born with a problem in the heart’s structure. Learning of the child’s congenital heart defect can help to understand his or her condition and what you can expect in the coming months and years. Some congenital heart defects are simple and don’t need treatment. Other congenital heart defects in children are more complex and may require several surgeries performed over a period of several years. Heart-related complications can be temporary or may affect the child long-term (Emitting & Waves, R.C, n.d.). One examples of a congenital heart defect is pulmonary atresia, which is when no pulmonary valve exists, so blood can’t flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs. The right ventricle acts as a blind pouch that may stay small and not well developed. The tricuspid valve is often poorly developed, too. An opening in the atrial septum lets blood exit the right atrium, so venous (bluish) blood mixes with the oxygen-rich (red) blood in the left atrium. The left ventricle pumps this mixture of blood into the aorta and out to the body. Pulmonary atresia occurs in about one out of every 10,000 live births (Pulmonary Atresia, n.d.). Another type of congenital heart defect is congenital heart block, when detected at or before birth in a structurally normal heart, is strongly associated with autoantibodies reactive with certain proteins. In this defect, the heart’s electrical signal doesn’t pass from the heart’s own natural pacemaker in the atrium to the lower chambers. When this occurs, an independent pacemaker in the lower chambers takes over. The ventricles can contract and pump blood, but at a slower rate than the atrial pacemaker. Complete heart block is most often caused in adults by heart disease or as a side effect of drug toxicity. Heart blocks can be present at birth (Belmont, 1998). Continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia is commonly used for analgesic treatment during labor and delivery; It is still a matter of controversy whether epidural anesthesia has direct or indirect side effects on the fetus. It has been reported that local anesthetics can cause changes in the fetal heart rate patterns in the sense of direct myocardial side effects (Evans and Niswander, 2000). It is apparent that there are marked cardiovascular changes that occur in the fetus with a congenital heart defect compared with the normal healthy fetus. Without the use of fetal heart monitoring tests, we would be unable to determine if the fetus has a congenital heart defect which could drastically delay treatment of the condition. Treatment varies widely with the type of disease, the effect that pregnancy has on the disease, and the effect that the disease has on pregnancy. If it is the fetus that has a problem, serial ultrasounds may be performed. Fetal heart rate monitoring may be necessary, or amniocentesis may be required. In addition, it may be essential to give the mother medications to act on the baby (Belmont, 1998). Summary A fetal heart defect is an abnormality in any part of the heart that is present in an unborn child. Approximately 35,000 infants are born with heart defects each year in the United States. An echocardiography can be used before birth to accurately identify many heart defects. The mother can be treated with medications that may restore normal heart rhythm in the fetus if the test shows that a fetus’s heart is beating too fast or too slow. In most cases, scientists do not know what makes a baby’s heart develop abnormally, but genetic and environmental factors appear to play roles.

E-mails Impact on Communicatio essays

E-mails Impact on Communicatio essays Corporate offices, and the managers who run them, exist in a whirlwind of technology. In this last ten years alone, there has been the complete integration of computers in nearly every business across the country, making business, for the most part, flow more smooth and much quicker. One of the most widely used bi-products of the office computer, and the computer world in general, is e-mail. E-mail offers corporate employees the opportunity to communicate with every other employee in the corporation, without ever leaving their desks or offices. For the most part this is an incredibly productive way of communicating within a corporation, because of the fact that it can save valuable time and money. In this respect it has made the managers job much easier. This does not mean that this fairly new implementation does not require extra planning and managing, but it has made better use of everyones time overall, and in light of that it has made the corporate managers task an easier one. On the other hand, however, e-mail also has the potential to waste time and money and in this respect it has made the corporate managements job more difficult. In the examination of the benefits of e-mail as it relates to the corporate office, the employees, and the management we first examine the realities that are involved in relationship to staff meetings. Collora (1997) addresses some of the concerns that help to illustrate: One thing I've paid considerable attention to is a real time-waster: staff meetings. Ever try figuring out how much a single meeting costs? From what I've seen, not too many people do. Since many executives and staff are salaried workers, cost might be hard to ascertain and also might be considered a sunken cost rather than a direct cost. But however you account for it, people's time is expensive. And shouldn't you double the hourly cost of unwisely spent time because of the cost of lost opportunityin o...

Ebola- Week 7 Media Post Example

Ebola Ebola number Ebola Ebola is probably one of the most dangerous and deadly disease across the globe. However, many peopleare not aware of the fact that that the chances of contracting Ebola virus disease are very slim unless you come into direct contact with bodily fluids or blood of someone who has contracted the disease. In order to avoid being a victim of this deadly disease, it is advisable to learn as much as you can about this disease (Chapnick, 23). The past year has seen Ebola escalate to unprecedented levels and this caused panic in a way that has never being seen before. Perhaps there are people who have a firsthand experience of fighting Ebola such as Peter Clement, a doctor from Liberia who worked in Lofa County. This is probably the place that was hard hit by the epidemic just when it had started to escalate. By this time, there were dozens of patients who were terrified by the terror unleashed by this virus. This disease was tearing families apart and communities alike. It is the effort of people such as Clement who tried to contain the situation and keep it at a manageable level. Peter came across a situation where family members were running away from their loved ones because of the fear of contracting the disease. As such, there were unattended patients as well as uncollected bodies. Of concern is how the virus was not detected earlier. The main reason behind this loophole is the fact that Ebola was often associated with Central Africa and it was not considered to be a disease for West Africa. Hence, this disease caught most of the people by surprise and before they could realize what they were dealing with, the situation was getting out of hand. Works citedChapnick, E. K. Ebola Myths and Facts for Dummies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2015. Print.

How Millennials Can Save Millions for Retirement

How Millennials Can Save Millions for Retirement It’s not fun to have to think about retirement savings in your 20s, but boy is it necessary. As inflation rates change and pensions become more rare, thinking about the future now is mandatory if you want to live comfortably without working in your mid-60s and beyond. Figure Out Your NeedsHere are 4 things you can do to figure out how much you need and how much you’re going to need to save to get that much.1. Estimate your future spendingEstimating your future spending is very similar to estimating your current spending. But take into account what expenses you will and will not have in the next few years. Will your mortgage get paid off? Will you have any long term health costs? Will you want to travel? Find an online calculator that can help you with your numbers.2. Estimate your retirement costsFind an online calculator also to help you calculate your retirement needs: your monthly expenses, savings goals, retirement age, etc.3. Make a planWrite down- even if only on a single sheet of paper- the goals you’ve established to help hold yourself accountable.4. Keep at itThings change. Life changes. Keep revisiting your plan to make sure it’s up-to-date and stays relevant enough to actually deliver what you need.Aim Sky High- Think MillionaireSo we’ve covered  how to start thinking about saving and putting a solid plan in action. But we know you want to save lots. Millions, ideally, right? Here are 5 tips to get you started on the path to total financial comfort.1. Start ASAPThe earlier you start, the more you’ll end up with in your war chest. Imagine what would happen if you upped your monthly savings number over the course of your lifetime? The number really really adds up.2. Avoid debtBe smart by avoiding student loans and credit card debt. If you do accrue unavoidable debt, make sure to pay it off snappily as possible. You’ll save a massive amount of money without even noticing. And always think through the fi nancial repercussions of major life decisions.3. Invest slowlyDon’t dump all your excess money into high risk/reward ventures. Slow and steady wins the race. Think 401k.4. Generate multiple incomesThe more money you bring in, the more you’ll save and the faster you can pay down your debts and start pumping any extra funds into your wealth creation.  5. Live frugallyEvery time you go to spend money on something, rethink that cost in terms of other things. How many lattes turn into a trip to Paris? A new fall coat? How many fall coats turn into a Ferrari, over time? Cut as many corners as you can and you’ll be surprised at how quickly you gain financial control of your life and your future.

Molecular Aspects of Conservation Genetics Essay - 1

Molecular Aspects of Conservation Genetics - Essay Example Scientific genetic approaches have made it easier to identify the cryptic species in particular taxa, and thereby have conservational significance. To achieve a positive result on conservation efforts, especially those linked to an individual species, an in-depth study of the taxonomy is mandatory (Mace 2004). However, since extracting taxonomical evidence based on morphological characteristics of birds has been a â€Å"taxonomic-headache† (Howell and Webb. 1995), a designed systematic molecular approach is a much better alternative. Neotropical parrots belonging to the genus Amazona have been treasured for their capability to mimic human sounds and their beautiful plumage. However, most Amazona species parrots are under threat of extinction except Amazona farinosa, also known as the Mealy Amazon which is prevalent in parts of both Central and South America. Wenner et al conducted a study to evaluate and validate the taxonomy of A.farinosa species complex by employing analytical methods such as complementary analysis and multiple genetic loci. DNA sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear introns were extracted from sources like frozen tissues, bone and toe pad extraction and were used to understand and analyse the relationship between the five sub-species of A.farinosa. In the mtDNA data set, 110 sites were variable while about 96 of the sites were parsimony informative. Unique haplotypes were identified and joined to estimate the percentage of relation between the haplotypes. Three distinct haplotypes clust ers and a minimum of 11 mutational steps were recognised. Phylogenies constructed using maximum-likelihood (for both individual as well as concatenated gene regions) and Bayesian method showed the existence of two negatively monophyletic clades- Central American clade and South American clade. The genetic distance recovered between both

Transformers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transformers - Essay Example Transformers surfaced a number of years ago with its first movie debut in 2007. The movie was able to capture imaginations across the globe with its sophisticated graphics and depiction of cars turning into robots and back to cars again. In addition, the thrilling tale that bound the first Transformer movie kept me on the edge of my seat, waiting for more Transformer action and drama. Needless to say, the sequel to the first Transformer movie was bigger, better and more breath taking. The second part of Transformers has captured my attention since its inception since 2009, even though there have been other sequels as well. The second movie built upon the concepts delineated in the first movie and refined the conception of transforming robots and their mission further. Improved graphics, a stunning cast and a thrilling action story coupled to a strong plot made for an unforgettable movie. Living a routine life, I could not help appreciate the capricious nature of events depicted that assumed larger than life dimensions as two species of robots battled for control of their fates. The very label of the second movie, â€Å"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen† speaks volumes of the intent behind this movie. Although there have been other sequels of the Transformer movie series, but the groundwork laid in this particular sequel is unmatched. Primarily, when Transformers’ second movie is compared to contemporary cinema, it becomes clear that the concept existed at the margins and this movie brought this concept to the limelight in an unmatched fashion. A number of different science fiction movies dotted cinemas and imaginations across the globe but none of them depicted entire herds of robots, each with its own distinct character and flavour. The very idea of two divergent robot herds battling each other for control of certain resources on planet Earth to dominate the other seemed out of the mundane and ordinary

Caliban in The Tempest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Caliban in The Tempest - Essay Example The Shakespearean Drama â€Å"The Tempest† involves some ever relevant concepts and characteristics. This play would remain pointless without the distinctive character Caliban who represents the victims of colonization, precisely the natives. Caliban is portrayed as someone who undergoes suffering for no reason in his own region which is captured by a foreigner Prospero. Coupled with certain circumstances and inefficiency, Caliban falls into the bondage of slavery. Significantly, the sufferings of Caliban no matter physical or mental greatly resemble the suffering natives in captured regions. In the play, Caliban is merely a savage or uncivilized ‘half-human, half-monster’ creature whom Prospero dominates and tries to civilize by imposing different tasks on him. Arguably, this was how the so called ‘Prosperos’ perceived their captives. Caliban may have his own reasons for showing unwillingness to accept a foreign culture. Hence, being a slave, Caliban intends to finish Prospero who is mighty and highly ambitious. But Caliban fails in the attempt to kill Prospero even though he is assisted by Trinculo and Stephano. Bloom and Heims put this relation in this way; â€Å"Caliban, very much concerned with revenge, also takes on taint anality through the words of Trinculo and Stephano† (227). This is an attempt to regain the island which belongs to him as hereditary property or possession. This resistance clearly illustrates the unsuccessful movements evolved in certain captured regions after the realization of belongingness. Often these revolutions and revolts were emerged once they were fed up with ill-treatment and domination. And it was reasonable that they sought aid from others to wipe out the illegally invaded outsiders. Hence, it is essential to make a comparison between Prospero and Caliban in this context. Prospero realizes his target, makes preparations and waits for the opportunity to avenge his foes whereas, Caliban too realizes his target but fails to make preparations accordingly to execute the plan in a right manner. Therefore, Caliban’s failure is a clear outcome of one’s emotional reaction against a crisis without realizing one’s own potential and weakness. Caliban as a post colonialism representative should have improved his own potential to resist the occupation of Prospero on the island rather than being foolish to seek external assistance. Knowing the past has greater influence in understanding the present better. Therefore, Shakespeare clearly analyzes the past of Caliban who is a resident of this particular island. The drama indicates that Caliban being the son of the witch Sycorax undergoes a tragic experience that continues with the arrival of Prospero into the island. The most significant change takes place with the departure of Sycorax. The death of Sycorax makes Prospero more powerful that even Caliban is enslaved by him. This entire concept can be interpre ted by interconnecting the invading role of different powerful kingdoms to many underdeveloped and uncivilized regions across the world and their ill-treatment to the nationalities. This enslavement completely consumes the hope of freedom and liberty. Since Caliban being the servant is made to perform every action for the benefit of the master Prospero. However, it indirectly assists the progress of the natives although it is not deliberate. One such act is pointed by Lazarus as â€Å"it is something commonplace in postcolonial literary studies that, like Shakespeare’s Caliban colonized people were able to appreciate a language that was imposed on them and use it to their own ends† (144). It is the similar case witnessed in many captured regions as they are compelled to fulfill the ambition of the mighty, powerful rulers who captured them. Specifically, speaking upon the career of Caliban is demanding as he is the prime sufferer of the play. Moreover, the revolt and di ssatisfaction begin from the very moment when Caliban is captured and enslaved. Apart from

An analysis of an ad (SAMSUNG Galaxy S4) Assignment

An analysis of an ad (SAMSUNG Galaxy S4) - Assignment Example Being in agreement that the advertisement was successful, this paper will analyze ways in which the advertisement for the Samsung Galaxy S4 smart phone is memorable and how it has managed to achieve outstanding impacts. It will describe the buying process as the main theme and determine who the target market is as well as highlight the advertisement’s strong and weak points. Further, it will give recommendations on how the advertisement could have been improved to achieve even better results. To drive the buying process, advertisers need to look at factors that affect consumer behavior or, in other words, answer the question why consumers buy the things they buy. In that sense, the buying process suggests that consumers pass through distinctive phases before finally buying a product. First, they realize that they want or need the product, then seek information and evaluate other products within the similar range. After satisfactorily being convinced about the best available fr om the options, they may then make a purchase. Traditionally, advertisements for high technology smart phones have not always clearly communicated their benefits in a manner easily comprehensible by non-technical users. They are characterized by an assumption regarding the instinctive aspects and often overestimating the understanding levels of the market (Kotler & Kevin 2006, 69). However, the Samsung Galaxy S4 advertisement has managed to tie it to the original positioning of the company which has always been for humans. In the advertisement that runs for one minute, the marketers have managed to communicate how an ordinary user can take full advantage of the simple yet innovative technology. Their choice of a background song that is popularly known, from the four seasons, attracts and holds the attention of the audience as the key features of the gadget are screened in the form of short sentences. As has been shown by research, consumers purchase brands that they can easily devel op an emotional attachment to (Tirmizi, Rehman & Saif 2009, 529). Music is one of the best known ways to create emotion, and a key effect of the chosen song is that it promotes the ability of the advertisement to remain memorable. Even without human voice-over, this strategy communicates the phone’s basics that users need to know about the new phone. The advertisement is set in a background that can attract both emotional and environmental responses that shape buying behavior. Target Market From its attributes, the audience can quickly establish that the phone targets a wide range of market but emphasis can be placed on tech-savvy youth. The opening pop-up says the phone is slimmer but stronger, which immediately gives it both feminine and masculine characteristics. It is not discriminative in terms of gender. It claims to have unimaginable clarity, which when coupled with its extended memory of 64 gigabytes makes it appealing to a young generation that loves downloading and storing movies. Looking at the aspect of targeting a large range of a market, this aspect also sits well with regular travelers because they can also carry along their own entertainment regardless of age. This gives the advertisement its first strong point because it is apparent that the marketers did sufficient research and anticipated the needs of potential customers. They manage to create honest marketing

Dangers of wooden trusses to firefighters Research Paper

Dangers of wooden trusses to firefighters - Research Paper Example Fire-fighters risk their lives when putting off fires in buildings that have wooden trusses. This paper will discuss the dangers of wooden trusses to fire fighters. The paper will explore the various risks involved in putting off fires in buildings that have wooden trusses. The dangers of wooden trusses to fire-fighters There are a number of dangers that wooden trusses pose to fire-fighters; these dangers may be  experienced when the fire-fighters make attempts to put-off large fires. A notable danger that wooden trusses pose to fire-fighters is that they can trap the fire-fighters. In such cases, the fire-fighters find it difficult to leave the building. As a result, a rescue operation has to be initiated in order to find the fire-fighters and save them from the building where they may be trapped. Fire-fighters who manage to escape from a building that collapses may suffer numerous injuries, which may last for a lifetime or lead to significant impairment (Pollio, 2012). It is wort h noting that wooden trusses may not pose any risks to the people who occupy buildings. However, these trusses exhibit some form of weakness when there is fire, and they become extremely weak. When there is fire, there tends to be high temperatures that may cause damages to the truss (Pollio, 2012). Since the trusses are held together using fasteners, the high temperatures may weaken the fasteners, thus leading to the failure of the entire truss that may be damaged by the weight of the building. The trusses may fall on the fire-fighters while in their attempts to put off the fire (Dunn, 2010). Some of the features of wooden trusses raise critical concerns regarding the safety of fire-fighters. Wooden trusses tend to expose much of their surface to fire as compared to trusses made of metal. Since the wooden trusses comprise of less mass, there is a possibility that fire will consume them quickly. Moreover, wooden trusses also lose their capacity to carry loads whenever there is a fir e. This also affects the metal plates that may be holding the trusses together. Therefore, wooden trusses can easily collapse when there is a fire, thus putting the lives of fire-fighters at risk. Wooden trusses also pose immense dangers to fire-fighters since they spread fire a fast rate. When one wooden truss catches fire, there is a high probability that the fire will spread to the other trusses very fast. Thus, the spread of fire in the entire building will also be extremely fast, which means that fire-fighters may lose their lives while putting off fires (Brannigan & Corbett, 2007). The future of the materials used or change in fire-fighting tactics In the future, there should be a change in the materials used in constructing

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Research - Essay Example The questionnaire was too long and the length might often influence participants to withdraw from the survey as time is important for everyone. Another flaw associated with the questionnaire was that in answering options, the ‘do not know’ option was not included. This is inappropriate as there might be participants who are unaware of a particular product or service. On the other hand, two good aspect of the questionnaire is that questions were worded very simply; this firstly made it very easy for participants to understand and secondly, the questionnaire encompassed all aspects of the research topic, thereby enabling the researcher to obtain an insight of people’s perceptions about products and services offered by the food chain. Generating idea: The initial step is very crucial as it involves generation of ideologies that are based on SWOT and current market trend analysis. The ideologies take into account various factors such as, return on investment, ROI and widespread distribution cost. (Takeuchi and Nonaka 137-146). During this particular phase, the manager has to ensure that overall new product development process is kept nimble and flexible discretion should be applied over which the activities are to be executed. Screening the idea: In this particular step, the idea is validated. The phase mainly involves elimination of ineffective concepts prior to allocation of resources to them. The individuals responsible for framing the idea should screen the same on the basis of factors such as, benefits associated with the idea that can be provided to the target market, market coverage of the product, expected intensity of competition, sales forecast, feasibility of the product and so on and so forth (Brands, â€Å"8 Step Process Perfects New Product Development†). Concept testing: Concept testing is very different from test marketing. This step involves patent research, designing due diligence

Dangers of wooden trusses to firefighters Research Paper

Dangers of wooden trusses to firefighters - Research Paper Example Fire-fighters risk their lives when putting off fires in buildings that have wooden trusses. This paper will discuss the dangers of wooden trusses to fire fighters. The paper will explore the various risks involved in putting off fires in buildings that have wooden trusses. The dangers of wooden trusses to fire-fighters There are a number of dangers that wooden trusses pose to fire-fighters; these dangers may be  experienced when the fire-fighters make attempts to put-off large fires. A notable danger that wooden trusses pose to fire-fighters is that they can trap the fire-fighters. In such cases, the fire-fighters find it difficult to leave the building. As a result, a rescue operation has to be initiated in order to find the fire-fighters and save them from the building where they may be trapped. Fire-fighters who manage to escape from a building that collapses may suffer numerous injuries, which may last for a lifetime or lead to significant impairment (Pollio, 2012). It is wort h noting that wooden trusses may not pose any risks to the people who occupy buildings. However, these trusses exhibit some form of weakness when there is fire, and they become extremely weak. When there is fire, there tends to be high temperatures that may cause damages to the truss (Pollio, 2012). Since the trusses are held together using fasteners, the high temperatures may weaken the fasteners, thus leading to the failure of the entire truss that may be damaged by the weight of the building. The trusses may fall on the fire-fighters while in their attempts to put off the fire (Dunn, 2010). Some of the features of wooden trusses raise critical concerns regarding the safety of fire-fighters. Wooden trusses tend to expose much of their surface to fire as compared to trusses made of metal. Since the wooden trusses comprise of less mass, there is a possibility that fire will consume them quickly. Moreover, wooden trusses also lose their capacity to carry loads whenever there is a fir e. This also affects the metal plates that may be holding the trusses together. Therefore, wooden trusses can easily collapse when there is a fire, thus putting the lives of fire-fighters at risk. Wooden trusses also pose immense dangers to fire-fighters since they spread fire a fast rate. When one wooden truss catches fire, there is a high probability that the fire will spread to the other trusses very fast. Thus, the spread of fire in the entire building will also be extremely fast, which means that fire-fighters may lose their lives while putting off fires (Brannigan & Corbett, 2007). The future of the materials used or change in fire-fighting tactics In the future, there should be a change in the materials used in constructing

Corporate Social and Environmental Accouting Report Research Paper

Corporate Social and Environmental Accouting Report - Research Paper Example This research paper therefore seeks to elucidate the social accounting measures put into place by ANZ Bank in Australia and Citibank in the United States. In its basic connotation, social accounting refers to the process of relaying the information regarding the economic effect of the social and environmental activities of the organization. This is analyzed in the context of particular interest groups and social units within the society. The essence of social accounting is normally the concept of corporate accountability. According to Crowther (2000), social accounting is an approach used in reporting the activities of an organization in a manner that stresses the importance of socially relevant behavior while also stressing the fact that a firm should always be accountable for its social performance. In this regard, very appropriate reporting techniques become imperative as measures of the social responsiveness of the organization. It is imperative to realize that banks constitute t he largest players in the Australian Stock Exchange (ASE). Over 18 percent of the listed companies in the ASE are mostly banks while other financial institutions make up a larger portion of the top 20 companies listed on the exchange. This powerful presence presents the need for the banks to be socially accountable for their operations in the industry and society at large. Literature Review Despite the concept of Corporate Social Reporting being a topical aspect for more than two decades now, much analysis of the subject has always revolved around comparisons between the different CSR practices exhibited by different organizations across the world (Adams, 2004). In this regard, it is realized that differences in culture and national values normally account for differences exhibited in accounting practices between countries. Much literature existing on the topic basically focuses on the social disclosures of mainly firms from industrialized economies with little focus on the developi ng or recently industrialized economies (Hilmi, 2008). The idea behind social accounting presents much challenge to the concepts of conventional accounting regarding the limited image often portrayed as existing between organization and the society at large. As a normative concept, social accounting presents a more elucidative approach to the whole idea about social accountability in the sense that organizations should always extend their social accountability beyond mere economic events (Anderson, 2005). Social accounting advances the view that corporate responsibility should not simply be addressed in financial terms like it is often the case. Conventional practice has always dictated that society is the only recipient of the social responsiveness of organizations. However, in the modern setup, the stakeholders in this regard extend beyond the society and include entirely all the participants in the social world. In a way, it appears that social accounting seems to expose the emer ging tension between the realization of economic profits and the pursuit of environmental and social objectives. The idea behind social accounting is often geared toward two purposes, i.e. accountability purposes and management control. As a demonstration of accountability on the part of the organization, social accounting

Identity and Belonging Essay Example for Free

Identity and Belonging Essay Feedback is considered by many education experts to be one of the most important elements of assessment for student learning as well as being a crucial influence on student learning (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012). Feedback, when applied effectively, can result in an increase in learner satisfaction and persistence as well as contributing to students taking on and applying more productive learning strategies. Feedback is a powerful strategy for teachers of all subjects and grade levels to use and has been endorsed worldwide. Feedback can be defined as the information provided by an agent, for example; a teacher or parent, regarding aspects of ones performance or understanding (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012). However, when feedback is provided to students inappropriately it can lead to negative effects. This is why, as teachers, we need to have a full understanding of what constitutes effective quality feedback as well as developing an understanding of how to apply feedback in an appropriate manner for our students as differentiated learners (Clark, 2012). Feedback is consistent with the Assessment for learning strategy which focuses assessment on in-course improvement-orientated interactions between instructors and learners rather than end-of-course testing and examinations (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012). Assessment for learning acknowledges that individual students learn in idiosyncratic ways and is designed to give information to teachers on how to modify and differentiate teaching and learning activities as well as giving teachers an idea of how best to provide effective feedback to their students (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012). There are a few guidelines in which teachers can follow to help improve the quality of their feedback to their students to increase learner satisfaction and persistence as well as catering for differentiated learning, these guidelines include timing, amount, mode, audience (James-Ward, Fisher, Frey Lapp, 2013) and also allowing students to provide one another with feedback (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012). The timing in which teachers provide their students with feedback is important as feedback needs to come while students are still mindful of the topic, assignment or performance in question (James-Ward, Fisher, Frey Lapp, 2013). Feedback needs to be provided while students are still thinking of their learning goal as a learning goal, meaning; something they are still striving for and not something they have already done (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012). It is extremely important to provide students with effective feedback whilst they are still working on reaching their learning target, as mentioned earlier this will influence student learning. It is extremely important for teachers to know the audience in which they are providing feedback to in order for the feedback to be most effective for student learning (James-Ward, Fisher, Frey Lapp, 2013). This is based on the fact that no student is the same and feedback needs to accommodate for differentiated learners (Clark, 2012). Once a teacher understands his or her students individual learning they can then apply feedback in a way that is best addressed to the student about the specifics of the individuals work in terms the student can understand. Mode is also extremely important in providing effective feedback as it also supports differentiated learning. Mode stands for the different ways in which feedback can be delivered as it can be given in many modalities (James-Ward, Fisher, Frey Lapp, 2013). Some sorts of assessment lend themselves better to written feedback, some to oral feedback and others are better in demonstrations, and teachers can decide with their knowledge of how best to provide each individual student with feedback based on how they learn and understand best, whether it is written, spoken or demonstrated, in order for the feedback to be most effective in reaching each students learning needs (Clark, 2012). Also recently there has been an increasing agreement that students are a legitimate source of feedback as peer and self-assessment practices encourage students to identify learning objectives and helps them to understand the criteria used to judge their work aiming to reach the goal of increasing self-regulation (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012). As timeliness can play a real issue in the effectiveness and quality of feedback from teachers, using students as a source of feedback can legitimately reduce this problem (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012). As there are many different ways in which a teacher can go about providing feedback on set learning tasks to their students whether it is orally, written or demonstrated, the ways in which to construct effective feedback varies depending on the student (James-Ward, Fisher, Frey Lapp, 2013). Ultimately it is the teachers understanding of feedback and the knowing of how each individual student learns best that influences the type and quality of feedback they provide (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012). Effective feedback will help increase student evaluation of their own learning progress and will help reach the Assessment for learning goal of developing self-regulating learners (Brown, Harris Harnett, 2012).

Cognitive Turn and Linguistic Turn :: Philosophy Symbols Papers

Cognitive and Linguistic Turn My first goal is to question a received view about the development of Analytical Philosophy. According to this received view Analytical Philosophy is born out of a Linguistic Turn establishing the study of language as the foundation of the discipline; this primacy of language is then overthrown by the return of the study of mind as philosophia prima through a second Cognitive Turn taken in the mid-sixties. My contention is that this picture is a gross oversimplification and that the Cognitive Turn should better be seen as an extension of the Linguistic one. Indeed, if the Cognitive Turn gives explicit logical priority to the study of mind over the study of language, one of its central features is to see the mind as a representational system offering no substantial difference with a linguistic one. However, no justification is offered for the fundamental assimilation of the nature of a mental representation with that of a linguistic symbol supporting this picture of the mind, although the idea that a system of mental representations is identical in structure with a system of linguistic symbols has been argued over and over. I try to demonstrate this point through a close critical examination of Fodor's paradigmatic notion of 'double reduction.' My second claim is that the widespread contemporary assimilation of a mental representation with a symbol of a linguistic kind is no more than a prejudice. Finally I indicate that this prejudice cannot survive a rigorous critical examination. 1. Introduction: linguistic symbol and mental representation A good deal of that important branch of contemporary philosophy which goes by the loose term of Analytical Philosophy lives, in my opinion, with a distorted representation of its own past, and consequently, with an inaccurate appreciation of the nature of its own achievements. As a matter of fact the belief is widely spread among analytical circles that the birth of Analytical Philosophy is the result of a Linguistic Turn taken by its founding figures G. Frege and B. Russell and then expanded into various directions by their notorious or less notorious followers. (1) To put it in a nutshell, the Linguistic Turn — of which historians give in fact conflicting accounts — (2) can be characterized by saying that it turned (better said, intended to) every philosophical problem — and most of all every psychological and epistemological one — into a problem about language, or at least into a problem dependent upon problems about language.

Victory Junction Gang Camp Fund-raising :: Fundraising Donations Organizations Essays

Victory Junction Gang Camp Fund-raising For four years now, it has been Kyle Petty's dream to build a camp in his son's memory for chronic and life-threatening illnesses of children from ages 7 to 15. Kyle and the NASCAR community have been fund raising for over four years to make this dream come true. Actor Paul Newman and Kyle and Pattie Petty are the founders of Victory Junction Gang Camp (VJG).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The beautiful, natural setting for the VJG is seventy-two acres of land nestled in a hardwood forest. The camp is located in Randleman, North Carolina, approximately fifteen miles outside of Greensboro. Nestled in the foothills of the Piedmont Triad, this site offers a forest with several creeks and woodland streams running through the property. Richard Petty donated the land to VJG.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the ground was broken, it cost 3.9 million. This is where the fund-raising begins. Kyle Petty has a charity motorcycle ride that he founded over ten years ago. He has ridden over 31,500 miles and has raised over 4 million dollars. To keep the camp running, it costs 2.7 million dollars a year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The VJG has resources to raise funds, but it does take effort, time, and money to do this. Roshi Bull-Turner is the Development Associate of VJG, and it is her responsibility to manage the resources from the fund-raising events efficiently and effectively for the camp. This paper will look at the fund-raising aspects. Are there enough corporate donations to keep VJG running? Has VJG advertised enough for the employees of corporations to donate?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Roshi Bull who is an advertising specialist with VJG, ?It was hard work raising the funds to build this camp. The hardest part besides raising money, was speaking to the corporations. The corporations keep the camp running by donating time, money, and goods.? Statement of Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The problem of the study is to investigate the raising of funds to keep VJG up and running for terminally ill children. Corporations need more information on VJG in order to make the decision easier. It takes knowledge, time, and money in order to make this happen. Setting of Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The setting of the problem is how to raise 24.4 million dollars to keep the camp running. VJG will enrich the lives of children with chronic or life-threatening illnesses by creating experiences that are memorable, exciting, fun, empowering, physically safe, and medically sound. This camp is located 15 miles outside of Greensboro, North Carolina.

Influence of Brand Name on Consumer Decision Essay

In the present developing and modern day world, consumerism has dominated all the aspects of life. The life in the society follows the pattern of the capitalist culture where the human values have a different measure, ‘you are known by what you have not by what you are’. This naturally leads to the life in a society where everyone wants to have a unique place in the society, by possessing the things which sets them apart from the rest of people in the society. In present society and living way, the Brands not only represent the symbol of the company or product but to a larger extent define the general life of a person. What the person uses can reflect his taste of life, his status in the society, his economic background and many other things. This makes a deep connection between the company and its brand, with the consumer. In this two way relation both are dependent on each other for various different reasons. In today’s time customers are very deeply connected to the brands. When they purchase any product like a car, mobile, items of daily need, brand name influence the consumer’s choice. Some customers purchase the specific branded things just due to the brand name. Customers believe that brand name is a symbol of quality. I found this interesting and wanted to find out whether brand name influences the consumer choice when they go for purchasing any product. I chose to for the specific product because  this is one of the products which got my attention because of many reasons. Initially the car production was dominated by few companies and one or two countries. With the time, the market started to grow and once considered to be luxurious commodity, cars became a need  rather than a choice. This increased the demand and with that many more  companies entered the arena to have their share of profit and exploit the growing market. This made the companies to put more efforts and money to creating brand awareness of their product. With the Huge sum of money and effort invested by the companies to create the awareness of their brand in the market, many questions arise; does this really affect the purchasing decision  of the customer? Does the brand awareness somehow influence the sale of the product? Etc. On the basis of these questions, I formulated my problem as follows: The purpose of this thesis is to create deeper consideration of what influence a brand name can have, when people go for purchasing, choose the products between different brands in automobile industry. Further I want to identify, if there is a connection between brands and the consumer decision making process. I conducted this study based on theories and surveys. I analyzed the result of the survey in order to be able to draw conclusions and find answers to my problem. I came to the conclusion that when consumer purchases a car, brand names influence his choice. Customers choose the well known branded car among other brands which are new or not so known. The study shows that branded cars have a great place in consumer mind, when customers go for purchasing a car, they prefer to purchase a well known branded car. Customers do not want to try new or unknown branded cars because they have no much information about the  lesser known brand. Usually, people purchase well known branded cars because they might have heard before about brands or they have some information about them from other sources. This makes customer feel more comfortable during the time of decision making as they are not so confident about the knowledge they have gathered about the other brands. The consumers are very conscious about branded and unbranded cars because they have the view that branded cars are more reliable than unbranded car. This study also explains that customers trust the branded cars’ quality. Before purchasing a car people do not consider the lesser known brand car, as people are very attached to some specific brands. Some people are loyal to specific brands, over time they want to purchase the same branded car because the specific brand has satisfied the customer’s needs and in turn has gained the trust in the brand name. I feel that the purpose of this study has been fulfilled to some extant. The theory describe that brand name has a power, which attracts the customers towards branded products. The reason  is that customer gets special connection with specific brands product and become the loyal with brand.

Cultural practices Essay

Culture, ethnocentrism and cultural relativity are the three terms which form the basis of this essay. There is an effort to define each of these terms in as precise manner as possible. Moreover some discussion on human attitudes and characteristics precedes the final answer to the question : can we judge a cultural practice as ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ ? The answer is affirmative : Yes, all cultural practices cannot be considered equal and beyond reproach, judging them as ‘ right’ or ‘wrong’ is surely acceptable. Definitions Culture is defined as, â€Å" the totality of mental and physical reactions and activities that characterize the behavior of individuals composing of a social group collectively and individually in relation to their natural environment, to other groups, to members of the group itself, and of each individual to himself. ( Heuristic device) Ethnocentrism is defined as tendency to look at the world, primarily from the perspective of one’s own culture. It often entails the belief that one’s own race or ethnic group is the most important and/or that some or all aspects of its culture are superior to those of other groups. ( Ethnocentrism). Cultural relativity is the principle that an individual’s beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of his own culture. ( Cultural relativism). It is important to note over here that the five civilizations of human history is the mother of all cultural practices. Each civilization devised a behavioral pattern which suited the local geographic, economic and political conditions. The roots of all ethnic groups claiming to have their ‘own’ and ‘independent’ culture can be traced back to these five civilizations. They are essentially offshoots of the basic civilization. Discussion It has been proved beyond doubt that the major negative characteristics of human race are his greed and his ego. He always wants to dominate over his fellow humans and other living species. On the other hand, one of the best qualities of human beings is to make our globe a ‘worth living’ place. Those who devised the cultural practices were also human beings and hence all cultures have something that can be called ‘good’ and something that can be called ‘bad’ or ‘not acceptable’. A few examples will prove this point. The Indus valley civilization, firmly advocates the theory of ‘ live and let live’. Hinduism, a faith originating in the Indian sub-continent advocates only vegetarian food. The argument is, ‘ why kill a fish, chicken or an animal when your stomach can be filled with vegetables and cereals, without making any compromise on the nutritive values? ’ So far so good. The same culture has a ‘caste’ system. The status of a human being is decided by the virtue of his birth. If he is born in a ‘higher’ caste, he has the world at his feet, and if he is born in a ‘lower’ caste family, then he is treated as an untouchable, who will never get any opportunity in life to improve his position. The European culture. While European intelligence has been instrumental in framing the highly developed technical world of today, full of comforts, the same Europeans have sucked the blood of the third world population by establishing colonies, for centuries together. A very truthful fact, right from the civilization days to today, is that all human efforts in devising cultural practices have been concentrated at ‘local’ level only. No culture has a global approach. The Indus valley civilization is perhaps an exception to this. The practices are laid down for a particular group of people residing in that particular geographic area. In the entire history of human evolution, man has never lived like a single species. Needless to say, ‘betterment of life’ and ‘peaceful co-existence’ were the aims of any cultural practices. Hence, evaluation of any culture should be done on a very basic question, ‘ does it allow others to exist peacefully? ’ The two systems of cultural perceptions, namely ethnocentrism and cultural relativism have very less significance. While ethnocentrism places one’s own culture as the ‘only best ‘ cultural relativism closes the doors for judgments about other cultures. Ethnocentrism does not put Americans or Europeans as the best cultural groups and cultural relativism cannot ignore the fact that slavery system in America is a ‘wrong practice’. These perceptions are irrelevant because no culture is supreme or the best, and no culture is so complete in itself . Summary No theory can prevent judgment of the ‘wrong’ and the ‘ right’ of any cultural practice. Simply because no culture is flawless, when assessed on humanitarian and global grounds. Any practice which preserves the peaceful co-existence and helps in betterment of life will always be applauded and any practice which promotes injustice, cruelty and domination over others, will always be turned down. If Americans think in an ethnocentric way that they are the indirect dominators of the world affairs, they are mistaken. It was Europe yesterday, America today and tomorrow may belong to some other culture. Similarly if Asians think that there is no need to pass judgment on any other culture because every culture is complete on its own, they are also wrong. They ought to pass a judgment and raise a voice against the ‘wrong’ colonization and slavery of Europeans and Americans respectively. No theory can stop passing judgments over any cultural practice. Judgments are necessary. They always help in improving upon the negative aspects of any culture. Works – cited page 1) ‘Heuristic device’ and ‘cultural relativism’, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 12 – 02-07, Retrieved on 14-02-07. < http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/cultural_relativism > 2. ‘Ethnocentrism’, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 10-02-07, Retrieved on 14-02-07, < http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/etnocentrism >

Conditioning Procedures in Shaping Children’s Behaviour Essay

A child is repeatedly exhibiting inappropriate and unwanted behaviour (e.g. hitting sibling), which conditioning procedures could be used to most effectively stop this? Behaviours that produce favourable consequences are repeated and become habits, but those that produce unfavourable consequences tend not to recur (Ouellette and Wood, 1998 as cited in Martin et.al, 2006). Experience changes the probability of repeating certain behaviours indicating that learning involves adaptation. As time goes on, old behaviours are eliminated and new behaviours are learned. Pavlov discovered and formalized many of the most important laws of classical behaviour, B.F.Skinner (1938) investigated and formalized may of the basic laws of operant behavior. (Sheppard & Willoughby, 1975). Habituation and classical conditioning taught us the stimuli in the environment where we learn to ignore unimportant stimuli and learn those that predict occurrence of the important ones. (Martin et.al, 2006). Operant conditioning involves the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behaviour. Operant conditioning was first discovered by Edward L. Thorndike where he placed a hungry cat in a small chamber called puzzle box with food placed outside as a stimuli where the car need to performed an appropriate response to open the door of the puzzle box. The cat become less random and more efficient until it open the latch without hesitation after several random attempt. Thorndike called this relation between a response and its consequences the law of effect. (Martin et.al, 2006). Although Thorndike discovered the law of effect, B.F Skinner was the one who brought the study of operant conditioning into the lab and devised objective methods for studying human behaviour. He invented the operant chamber which is also known as the Skinner box where animal’s behaviour can be easily observed, manipulated, and automatically recorded. Operant conditioning allows us to learn association between behaviour and outcome. It teaches children to modify their behaviour to maximise the possible rewards they can get and taught them to learn from previous experience. When a child is repeatedly exhibiting inappropriate and unwanted behaviour, operant conditioning can be used to correct the behaviour of the child. There are four basic principles used in the operant conditioning, which can be described as positive reinforcement (reward), negative reinforcement (escape), punishment and omission. (Rachlin, 1976) Positive reinforcement and punishments referred  as environmental events that may affect on individuals. Reinforcement Is neither an environmental nor a behavioural event but a relationship between two which tends to increase responding by either positive or negative means. Whereas punishment is a relationship that tends to decrease responding by either positive or negative means. Operant behaviour is modified by its consequences and the consequences which modify behaviour are called reinforcers. Consequences Positive reinforcement is where there is an increase in the frequency of response behaviour that is regularly and reliably followed by a positive stimulus. Positive reinforcement can also be considered in terms of reward. The principle of reward was stated in Thorndike’s â€Å"law of effect† – a reward tends to increase the probability that the response to which it is related will recur. (Rachlin, 1976) The effect of the reward will be pleasant and reinforce the behaviour of children. For example candy or attention can serve as rewards for children if they behave properly. This might encourage them to stop the inappropriate behaviour as behaving properly will give them something nice. Negative reinforcement involves the avoidance of an aversive stimulus, also known as escape. Negative reinforcement work in two ways, either it decreases the frequency of occurrence of operant behaviour that it follows or it increases the frequency of occurrence of operant behaviour that removes or terminates it. (Sheppard & Willoughby, 1975) The consequences are often painful and the effects are unpleasant. Because of the nature of aversive stimuli of negative reinforcement, it is usually difficult to program long intervals between negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement might be effective if the aversive stimuli is used wisely. One of the commonly used procedures for weakening operant behaviour is punishment. Punishment refers to a decrease in the frequency of the response that is regularly and reliably followed by an aversive stimulus. (Martin et.al, 2006). The principle of punishment is the inverse of Thorndike’s law – an aversive, or noxious, stimulus tends to decrease the probability that the response to which it is related will occur. (Rachlin, 1976) In operant conditioning, reinforcement is neither an environmental nor behavioural event, but a relationship between the two that tends to increase responding by either positive or negative means. Punishment, likewise, is a relationship that tends to decrease responding by either positive or negative means. Parents will often  choose punishment such as scolding or sometimes some physical punishment if the children exhibit inappropriate behaviour. Punishment has an immediate effect on unwanted behaviour. When a parents spanks a child for hitting their siblings or yells at them for their misbehaviour, the immediate decrease in the punished response negatively reinforces the parent’s spanking response. Many parents rely heavily on punishment to terminate the aversive behaviour of their children without fully understanding the effects of punishment. However, Punishment can produce a number of undesirable effects. First, punishment can results in emotional trauma such as fear, anger, anxiety and depression. It might cause the disruption of learning and performance of the children. Secondly, punishment sometimes might lead to suppression of all behaviours, not only the misbehaviour being punished. Furthermore, punishment requires continual monitoring of the individual’s behaviour in the real world. The use of punishment might try to encircle the rules of escape from the situation entirely. Mazur (1998) held that if the teacher used punishment as his primary method of behavioural control, a child might try to hide the proof of their misbehaviour. It might not help to correct the misbehaviour of the child. Another problem associated with punishment is that it can lead to aggressive behaviour by the punished child. This aggression might be directed against the punisher or another individual. With the numerous disadvantages above, parents should be using punishment wisely and with great care as it might influence the behaviour of children in the future. A negative punishment or an omission of reward occurs when the absence of a reward, otherwise present in the environment, is related to the response. Like punishment, the omission of reward tends to decrease the probability that the response will recur. (Rachlin, 1976) Example of omission is that parents may confiscate the child’s favourite toy or grounding the child for his misbehaviour. In operant conditioning, extinction consists in the removal of the conditioning relationship between response and reward or punishment. (Rachlin, 1976) Behaviour that is not longer being reinforced will then decrease in frequency. Example is that a child will stop crying and shouting if the parents choose to ignore him. However, extinction is not the same as forgetting. Forgetting takes place when a behaviour is not rehearsed for a long time. Extinction takes place when a person makes a response that is no  longer reinforced. (Martin et.al, 2006). Another procedure where parents can stop the child from exhibiting inappropriate behaviour is by using a technique developed by Skinner called shaping. It involves reinforcing any behaviour that successively approximates the desired response. (Martin et.al, 2006) Parents can teach children about behaving properly and praises children for their good behaviour. Rewards will be given and children will reinforce their good behaviour. Successful shaping requires that the right step size be selected and that each approximation be reinforced only enough times to allow the criterion to be increase while still maintaining the behaviour at each step. (Sheppard & Willoughby, 1975) However, there are some limitation to the Reinforcement is mainly studied in terms of primary reinforcers and primary punishers. Primary reinforcers are the biological positive (appetitive) unconditioned stimuli such as food and water. Primary punishers are the biological negative (aversive) unconditioned stimuli such as pain and illness. Other than that, behaviour can also be reinforced with wide variety of stimuli. These stimuli are called conditioned or secondary reinforcers. It is the stimuli that have acquired their positive and negative values through conditioning. Examples of positive value might be money and negative values might be fines. Similarly, conditioned punishers acquire their punishing effects through association with aversive events. (Martin et.al, 2006). Example of this is children get lecture or even grounded for their misbehaviour. Conditioned reinforcement and punishment are very important in permitting an organism’s behaviour to be affected by stimuli that are not biologically important in themselves but that are regularly associated with the onset or termination of biologically important stimuli. (Martin et.al, 2006) Conditioned reinforcers and punishers allow for behaviour to be altered by a wide variety of contingencies. In conclusion, when a child exhibit an inappropriate or unwanted behaviour, parents should consider using appropriate conditioning methods to effectively stop the wrong behaviour of the child. Positive reinforcement is a better option than punishment in altering behaviour as positive reinforcement results in lasting behavioural modification, whereas punishment only temporarily changes behaviour and presents many detrimental  side effects. Reference: Martin, G.N., Carlson, N.R., & Bukist, G.N. (2007). Psychology, 3rd Edition. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education. Mazur, J.E. (1998). Learning and Behaviour, 4th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Sheppard, W.C.,& Willoughby, R.H.(1975). Child Behavior: Learning and Development. Rand McNally College Publishing Company. Walker, S. (1984). Learning Theory and Behaviour Modification. Methuen. Rachlin, H. (1976). Behavior and Learning. W.H. Freeman and Company.

Database Management. MSSQL Server Database Essay

Database Management. MSSQL Server Database - Essay Example In this case the university requirements deal with a variety of services which requires their data to be stored in a database so that it can be successfully fetched and modified for performing a variety of functions. The database technology that can be offered for an online educational institution would be a server based database system for payment of student fees and other details, student registration, facilitating admission procedure, producing reports and others (About.com, 2008). The MSSQL server database would most suitable for mapping the various requirements of the university. It is recognized to map the organizational requirements and used widely. It is able to take care of scalability of the university operations and service, meaning that it takes care of the various additions of new courses, new students and various other programs, modifications relating to the various rules and obligations. Improves visibility of operations for student registration and admission facilities. Stores appropriate records for further fetching of reports of student activity and staff activity. Quite easy to extend the schema for enlarging the database. This database variant serves a set of standards that is required to launch ecommerce database requirements. The features of the database are as follows: Efficient buffer management to cache pages in memory so that more amounts the pages are cached the better the system operates. The transaction management is quite efficient in the manner that if a transaction is not able to complete it is roll backed so that changes can be reversed. In that manner data integrity is maintained. The concurrency control is quite effective and it ensures data integrity. It facilitates replication which ensures that proper synchronization is done for the information in the databases. It also facilities merge and snapshot replication. The OLAP provides analysis services for the data objects. The reporting services and notification services serve as a great function to the database functionality. It offers a great GUI for dragging and dropping the elements in the database arena which had made it quite high in usability for greater acceptance and usage. It also offers greater facility for supporting various front end platforms for wide usage and business applicability. Conclusion Taking into account the above factors, MSSQL server stands out in the crowd for all the features which makes it quite flexible, scalable and cross-functional. The above features make sure that all the university would be able to accommodate all features required to make it a virtual campus and provide effective and efficient

Paradoxically, although modernity appeared to be a threat to Essay - 1

Paradoxically, although modernity appeared to be a threat to Christianity, it had been nurtured, in significant part, by Christ - Essay Example Thus, the role Christianity has played towards the realisation of modernity is a matter that has been subject to debate, with some scholars arguing in favour of the rationale that Christianity spurred modernity onwards, while others gainsay the very idea, as shall be seen in the debate that ensues forthwith. Thesis Statement Contrary to what is being peddled against Christianity as a force antithetical towards modernity and having an inimical relationship with modernity, Christianity is poignantly the very harbinger of modernity, even to a global extent. According to Taylor (1989, 132), fundamentally, one of the tenets of Christianity is the belief in, and emphasis of man being made in the image and likeness of God [Genesis 1:26]. As such, since God is self-determinate and absolutely sovereign, man is also a free moral agent. By this, it is meant that man has the capacity to exercise freedom of choice and thereby deciding his destiny on earth and eternal destiny. The same also does not only mean, being self-determinate, but also being rational. Isaiah 1:18, I Pet 3:15, I Thessalonians 5:21 and Luke 9: 62 are some of the portions that call people to reason. This is because, making decisions entails being rational. The relationship between the doctrine of man being a free moral agent and modernity is seen in the fact that the Renaissance Age played, and continues to play an inextricable role in modernisation. In the same respect, Renaissance Age could not have come about in the absence of free or independent thinking. It is not in dou bt that the realisation of the Law of Gravity by Isaac Newton was a culmination of laborious thinking about an apple's fall from a tree. Not only did Isaac Newton [a Christian with great interest in natural philosophy and mathematics, Christian theology, economics, astronomy, alchemy and physics] discover the Law of Gravity, but he also wrote the Philosophie Naturalis Principia Mathematica which laid the foundations for classical mechanics. For instance, the laws of universal gravitation and the law of motion are derived from Isaac Newton's work, Philosophie Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Industrial and physical infrastructure and the development of modern means of transport [such as air transport] rely on the laws of motion and gravity. It is also important to note that Christianity, being a highly philosophical and introspective religion, set the pace for philosophy. For this reason, going through St. Paul's treatise on his Letter to the Romans is highly philosophical, as he exp lains fundamental concepts such as the fall of mankind, the purpose of the law [that was handed to Moses] and its inability to bestow right standing with God, justification by faith, and the inability of the law to help win over the war with the carnal nature of man (Lindberg, 2000, 83). Furthermore, Angold (2006, 11) points out that the highly philosophical aspect of Christianity is underscored by the philosophical controversies which succeeded the Edict of Toleration and the Edict of Milan in 311 and 313 AD, respectively, and thereby ending the Persecution of the Church. Immediately after the acceptance of Christianity as a legitimate religion, the Church had to contend with highly complex philosophical problems and concepts, as it dealt with doctrinal controversies such as Arianism [in the Nicean Council, 325 AD], Apollonarianism [the Council of Constantinople, 381], Nestorianism [the Council of Ephesus, 431], monophysitism [the Council of Chalcedon, 451] and Nestorianism [the Se cond Council of Consta

Human Resources- Compensation and Benefits Essay

Human Resources- Compensation and Benefits - Essay Example An analysis of the types of non-financial rewards that could be introduced and how this may affect retention. An analysis of the view on bonus arrangements and any recommendations in terms of required changes. Detailed recommendations to the issues raised will be given to the Director of Reward at the end of the report. 1.1 The organisation’s current reward strategy MI currently uses the extrinsic rewards strategy to compensate its employees for the contribution they make towards its viability. Basically, extrinsic rewards include direct compensation, indirect compensation as well as non financial rewards (Robbins, 1993). Direct compensation in this case includes a basic wage salary, bonuses based on performance as well as profit sharing. Apart from the high basic salaries being earned by the traders in this particular case of MI, the bank also calculate their rewards on overall profitability of the trading operation and this entails that they get anything between 30 and 50 % of what they have earned in profit for the Bank. Performance bonuses significantly contribute to the package earned by the dealers and these motivate them to put optimum performance in their operations. It can also be noted that all dealers currently attract a package of benefits including a company car, healthcare and pension contributions. Grobbler (1998) suggests that these can be awarded to the employees on the basis of their performance. The traders are treated as the most valued assets to the bank as they may leave if they are not satisfied with the reward system for their performance. As such, their rewards are designed in such a way that they will appeal to their interests which in turn can lead to their retention in the organisation. It can be observed that the major strategy used by the bank to offer rewards is based on overall profitability of the bonds that have been sold. The traders are entitled to get a certain percentage of the profit as their bonus. However, the ext ernal environment plays a significant role in shaping this strategy. The strategy is influenced by gathering and analysing competitor information so as to come up with the best reward strategy. In this case, MI tries to remain on top of other organisations hence it seeks to differentiate its rewards strategy from other competitors. The organisation is compelled to offer the best reward on the basis of the situation obtaining in the environment. The level of performance of the economy also shapes this strategy since bonuses are calculated on the basis of overall profitability of the trading operation. In the event that the bonds sold have poorly performed, this entails that their rewards will be lower which shows that the external environment has a bearing on the strategy of rewards. Though there is no direct government intervention in the operations of banks with regards to their reward systems, it can be noted that more financial institutions are becoming wary of not rewarding undu e risk taking. For instance, the recent Turner report contributes to the mounting pressure for financial organisations to review their bonus systems in order to protect the interests of the shareholders. These are some of the external factors that shape the rewarding strategy by MI. 2.0 What motivates the dealing team? Since the dealing team has a very little loyalty to the

Group effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Group effectiveness - Essay Example If the new approaches were adapted, then the group would have worked harmoniously. Respect for each other’s opinions should have been present. The work load should have been assigned fairly and not randomly decided by the self-appointed leader, who wanted to get all the credit, although all he did was to assign the jobs that have to be completed. 2) There were several factors that contributed to one’s satisfaction in being a member of a group. First of all, from the very start the goal of the group was established. Although each one has a goal of his own, a common objective was arrived at by the group. The roles of each member were very clear from the beginning. Each one was assigned a role which best fits his qualifications. There were rules that served as guidelines for the group. There were differences of opinions during the meetings but everyone was ready to listen to what one has to say. Respect was always present. Even if there were some disagreements, it was resolved politely, without any violent reactions from the group members. The decision was a group decision and not a decision made by only one person. 3) To further improve one’s communication skills, one has to learn to listen to other people’s opinions without having to be judgmental. One should realize that there is a time to speak and a time to listen. To be more effective in working with a group, one must know what he can contribute to the group by knowing his qualifications and capabilities. A win-win solution should always be the focus of decision-making. An evaluation of how one contributed to the group goals and how the group achieved its goals must be in place. Another way of improving one’s communication skills is to learn how to get the right message in the proper manner. One’s ideas must be clear and simple to be better understood by the other

Security Analysis and Redesign of a Network Essay

Security Analysis and Redesign of a Network - Essay Example Service Information: Operating System: Linux 2.5.25 - 2.6.3 or Gentoo 1.2 Linux 2.4.19 rc1-rc7. Interesting ports on XYZ Invite Design at domain 192.168.0.6: Nmap done: 6 IP address (6 hosts up) scanned in 64.27 seconds. Password strengths are essential in security matters. Users’ password must be encrypted so as to prevent unauthorized entries to the system (Stewart, 2010). The Public Key Infrastructure, Hashing and Digital Signatures, Cryptography: Public Key Encryption and Cryptology assist in the implementation of password protection. Set up an NTFS drive applicable for the IIS application and data. If likely, do not tolerate IUSER or whatever the unidentified username access to any of the available drives. If the relevance runs into any problems due the anonymous user does not have admission to programs on the available drive(s), then apply FileMon from Sysinternals to test which file it cannot access and attempt working around it by relocating the program to the IIS drive. If that is not possible, then permit IUSER access just to that file. Allow Windows auditing on the machine, since there is never sufficient data when trying to backtrack any attackers movements. It is even likely to have a script run to check for any distrustful activity via the audit logs, and then send an account to an administrator. Now this could appear a bit extreme, but if security is actually significant in your organization, this sort of action is an excellent practice. Set up auditing to account any failed account log in attempts. Plus, same as the IIS logs, alter the default location to a different location, and make sure that the company have a backing and a replicated copy (Weaver, Weaver, & Farwood, 2013). On a customary basis, go through as a lot of security articles from various sources as the company can. It is at all times better that company appreciate as much as possible about IIS and universal